Casa Di Rut Management Solutions Ab
Wikipedia list article
This list of Internet top-level domains (TLD) contains top-level domains, which are those domains in the DNS root zone of the Domain Name System of the Internet. A list of the top-level domains by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is maintained at the Root Zone Database.[1] IANA also oversees the approval process for new proposed top-level domains for ICANN. As of April 2021[update], their root domain contains 1502 top-level domains.[2] [3] As of March 2021[update], the IANA root database includes 1589 TLDs. That also includes 68 that are not assigned (revoked), 8 that are retired and 11 test domains.[1] Those are not represented in IANA's listing[2] and are not in root.zone file (root.zone file also includes one root domain).[4]
Types [edit]
IANA distinguishes the following groups of top-level domains:[5]
- infrastructure top-level domain (ARPA)
- generic top-level domains (gTLD)
- generic-restricted top-level domains (grTLD)
- sponsored top-level domains (sTLD)
- country code top-level domains (ccTLD)
- test top-level domains (tTLD)
Original top-level domains [edit]
Seven generic top-level domains were created early in the development of the Internet, and predate the creation of ICANN in 1998.
- Name: DNS names
- Entity: intended use
- Notes: general remarks
- IDN: support for internationalized domain names (IDN)
- DNSSEC: presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions
Name | Entity | Administrator[6] | Notes | IDN | DNSSEC | SLD | IPv6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.com | commercial | Verisign | This is an open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register. Though originally intended for use by for-profit business entities, for a number of reasons it became the main TLD for domain names and is currently used by all types of entities including nonprofits, schools, and private individuals. Domain name registrations may be successfully challenged if the holder cannot prove an outside relation justifying reservation of the name,[ citation needed ] to prevent "squatting". It was originally administered by the United States Department of Defense. | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
.org | organization | Public Interest Registry | This is an open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register. Originally intended for use by non-profit organizations, and still primarily used by some. | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
.net | network | Verisign | This is an open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register. Originally intended for use by domains pointing to a distributed network of computers, or "umbrella" sites that act as the portal to a set of smaller websites. | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
.int | international | Internet Assigned Numbers Authority | The .int TLD is strictly limited to organizations, offices, and programs endorsed by a treaty between two or more nations. However, a few grandfathered domains do not meet these criteria. | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
.edu | education | Educause (via Verisign) | The .edu TLD is limited to specific higher educational institutions such as, but not limited to, trade schools and universities. In the U.S., its use was restricted in 2001 to post-secondary institutions accredited by an agency on the list of nationally recognized accrediting agencies. This domain is therefore almost exclusively used by American colleges and universities. Some institutions, such as the Exploratorium, that do not meet the current registration criteria have grandfathered domain names. | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
.gov | U.S. national and state government agencies | Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (via Verisign) | The .gov TLD is limited to United States governmental entities and agencies as well as qualifying state, county and local municipal government agencies, and tribal governments. | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
.mil | U.S. military | United States Department of Defense | The .mil TLD is limited to divisions, services and agencies of the United States Department of Defense. | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Infrastructure top-level domain [edit]
Infrastructure | Entity | Notes | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|
.arpa | "Address and Routing Parameter Area" | Originally assigned to the Advanced Research Projects Agency in the early days on the Internet, .arpa is now exclusively used as an Internet infrastructure TLD. | No | Yes |
Country code top-level domains [edit]
As of 20 May 2017, there were 255 country-code top-level domains, purely in the Latin alphabet, using two-character codes. As of June 2020[update], this number is 316, with the addition of internationalized domains.[1]
Proposed internationalized ccTLDs [edit]
Internationalised domain names have been proposed for Japan and Libya.
ICANN-era generic top-level domains [edit]
- Name: DNS name
- Target market: intended use
- Restrictions: restrictions, if any, on who can register, and how the domain can be used
- Operator: entity the registry has been delegated to
- IDN: support for internationalized domain names (IDN)
- DNSSEC: presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions
English [edit]
A [edit]
Name | Target market | Restrictions | Operator/Registry | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.ac | — | Yes | Unknown | ||
.academy | Schools, military academies, online learning websites, PTAs & student portals, any site created to be educational on a particular topic | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 1] | Yes | Yes |
.accountant | Certified Public Accountants, tax advisors, corporate accountants, personal and business accountants, professional CPA organizations | — | Global Registry Services Ltd[7] | Unknown | Yes |
.accountants | accountants and accounting firms | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 2] | Yes | Yes |
.active | Reserved for Active Network | The Active Network | Unknown | Yes | |
.actor | Aspiring actors & their agents, theaters & movie studios, entertainment outlets & streaming video sites, movie review sites, celebrity gossip sites | — | Donuts Inc[n 1] | Yes | Yes |
.ads | advertising | Reserved for Google AdSense | Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[8] | ||
.adult | adult entertainment (pornography) | For sites providing sexually explicit content, such as pornography. | ICM Registry | Yes | Yes |
.aero | air-transport industry | Must verify eligibility for registration; only those in various categories of air-travel-related entities may register. | SITA | No | No |
.africa | African and pan-African topics, African Union | — | ZA Central Registry | Unknown | Yes |
.agency | Marketing and advertising agencies, PR or communications agencies, design firms, talent agencies, travel agencies, other related agencies | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 3] | Yes[9] | Yes |
.airforce | Military recruiters, flight training schools, supply companies, military aircraft suppliers & repair companies, Air Force members and veterans | — | Donuts Inc[n 1] | Yes | Yes |
.amazon | Reserved for Amazon | Amazon | |||
.analytics | Reserved for SAS Institute | Campus IP LLC[8] | |||
.apartments | Property (apartment) managers, condominium/apartment developers, college websites/centers, city guides & community centers | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.app | Apps[10] | — | Google[n 2] | Unknown | Yes |
.apple | Apple[11] | Reserved for Apple[12] | Apple | Unknown | Yes |
.archi | architects and architect firms[13] | Restricted to individuals and organizations that can verify participation in architecture industry.[14] | STARTING DOT LIMITED | Unknown | Yes |
.army | Military recruiter, army supply stores, military training schools, army members and veterans | — | Donuts Inc[n 1] | Yes | Yes |
.art | artists, museums, art galleries, dealers, service providers and contractors | — | UK Creative Ideas | Yes | Yes |
.associates | Accountants, law firms, consulting firms, real estate agencies, health & medical groups | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 4] | Yes | Yes |
.attorney | Independent attorneys and law firms of any size, legal services entities, elected officials and judges, professional organizations, law students | — | Donuts Inc[n 1] | Yes | Yes |
.auction | Auction houses & online auctions, car and truck auction, B2B commodity auctions, charity auctions for non-profits and schools, buyer and seller communities | — | Donuts Inc[n 1] | Yes | Yes |
.audible | Reserved for Audible | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8] | |||
.audio | stereo/sound systems, music | — | Uniregistry | Yes[15] | Yes |
.author | Reserved for Amazon books | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8] | |||
.auto | vehicles | Cars Registry Limited[8] | |||
.autos | vehicles | — | DERAutos | Unknown | Yes |
.aws | Reserved for Amazon Web Services | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8] |
B [edit]
Name | Target market | Restrictions | Operator/Registry | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.baby | For selling baby products | Reserved for Johnson & Johnson | Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc.[8] | ||
.band | Music venues, ticket sale/resale sites, music band & musician sites, school band sites, music review sites | — | Donuts Inc[n 1] | Yes | Yes |
.bank | banks | Restricted to banks and savings associations | fTLD Registry Services, LLC | Unknown | Yes |
.bar | Bars and related industry | — | Punto 2012 | Yes | Yes |
.barefoot | Reserved for Gallo Vineyards Inc. | Gallo Vineyards, Inc.[8] | |||
.bargains | Online retailers, large and small, "sale" sections on retail websites, discount & overstock sites, bargain hunters, frugal-living bloggers | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 5] | Yes | Yes |
.baseball | baseball | Reserved for MLB | MLB Advanced Media DH, LLC[8] | ||
.basketball | basketball | Reserved for FIBA | Fédération Internationale de Basketball (FIBA)[8] | ||
.beauty | Reserved for L'Oréal | L'Oréal[8] | |||
.beer | breweries and beer aficionados | — | Minds + Machines[n 3] | Unknown | Yes |
.best | — | BestTLD Pty Ltd | Unknown | Yes | |
.bestbuy | Reserved for Best Buy | BBY Solutions, Inc.[8] | |||
.bet | gambling | Afilias plc[8] | |||
.bible | Respect for "the Bible", "God as He is revealed in the Bible", and "orthodox" Christianity[16] [17] | American Bible Society[8] | |||
.bid | auctions | — | Global Registry Services Ltd[7] | Yes | Yes |
.bike | Bicycle & motorcycle enthusiasts, bike retailers & gear shops, bike repair shops, biking event organizers, bike or motorcycle clubs | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 6] | Yes[18] | Yes |
.bingo | Bingo halls, casinos, online & casual gaming sites, travel agencies | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.bio | Organic agriculture[19] | Open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register; however, registrants who are "producers, transformers and retailers, or otherwise involved in the field of agriculture, food and farming" must comply with the Principles of Organic Agriculture.[20] [21] | Afilias[22] | Unknown | Yes |
.biz | business | Open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register; however, registrations may be challenged later if they are not held by commercial entities in accordance with the domain's charter. This TLD was created to provide relief for the .com TLD, where many names have already been taken. | NeuStar | Yes[9] | Yes |
.black | those who like the color black[23] | — | Afilias | Yes | Yes |
.blackfriday | Black Friday, retail | — | Uniregistry | Yes[15] | Yes |
.blockbuster | Reserved for Blockbuster LLC | Dish DBS Corporation[8] | |||
.blog | Blogs | — | Automattic[24] | Unknown | Yes |
.blue | those who like the color blue[25] | — | Afilias | Yes | Yes |
.boo | — | — | Google[n 2] | Unknown | Yes |
.book | Reserved for Amazon books | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8] | |||
.boots | Reserved for Boots Company Ltd | THE BOOTS COMPANY PLC[8] | |||
.boston | websites related to the city of Boston, Massachusetts USA | Boston TLD Management, LLC[8] | Unknown | Yes | |
.bot | Restricted to online "bots" using approved frameworks (Amazon Lex, Dialogflow, Gupshup, Microsoft Bot Framework, and Pandorabots) Amazon allows users to contact them if they have a bot outside of these frameworks.[26] | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8] | |||
.boutique | Specialty online retailers, vintage shops, designers, artists and artisans, craftspeople | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 7] | Yes | Yes |
.box | individuals and businesses, in order to promote personal cloud storage | — | NS1 Limited | Yes | Yes |
.broadway | Broadway theatre | Celebrate Broadway, Inc.[8] | |||
.broker | DOTBROKER REGISTRY LTD[8] | ||||
.build | construction industry | Open Top Level Domain—[27] | Plan Bee LLC | Yes | Yes |
.builders | Contractors, subcontractors, commercial/residential architects, interior designers | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 8] | Yes | Yes |
.business | Creative businesses & agencies, freelancers & independent consultants, any other business looking to differentiate from the competition | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 9] | Yes | Yes |
.buy | sales | Amazon Registry Services, INC[8] | |||
.buzz | marketing and social networking | — | DOTSTRATEGY | Yes | Yes |
C [edit]
Name | Target market | Restrictions | Operator/Registry | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.cab | Airline & travel-related products or services, city guides & tourist attractions, transportation businesses, hotels, hostels, B&Bs, lodging, tourist attractions | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 10] | Yes | Yes |
.cafe | Cafes, restaurants, delis, cafeterias, coffee shops & coffee stands, student lounges, mobile food/beverage vendors, cooking schools | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.call | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8] | ||||
.cam | entertainment[28] | — | ACWebConnecting[29] | Yes | Yes |
.camera | Professional photographers, camera and equipment retailers, photo studios & photography schools, wedding and specialty photographers, anyone who wants to share photos online | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 11] | Yes | Yes |
.camp | Camping/RV sites, travel writers & bloggers, outdoor adventure companies, summer camps for kids, hotels, hostels, lodges, bed & breakfast lodging | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 12] | Yes | Yes |
.cancerresearch | Organizations, research institutes and individuals interested in ending cancer through research[30] | — | Australian Cancer Research Foundation | Unknown | Yes |
.capital | Mortgage companies, financial services professionals, investment services, venture capital investors | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 13] | Yes | Yes |
.car | vehicles | Cars Registry Limited[8] | |||
.cards | Occasion shoppers (holiday, birthday, bereavement), occasion-related websites, gift buyers, corporate HR departments | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 14] | Yes | Yes |
.care | Surgeons, primary/secondary care physicians, insurance providers, hospitals & clinics, medical, dental, or vision specialists, service based products or services | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 15] | Yes | Yes |
.career | jobs and job-searching | — | dotCareer LLC | Yes | Yes |
.careers | Career services (coaching, resume writing), job sites & recruiters, business coaches, staffing firms, HR department of any business | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 16] | Yes | Yes |
.cars | Automotive | — | Uniregistry | Yes | Yes |
.case | Reserved for CNH Industrial | CNH Industrial N.V.[8] | |||
.cash | Pawn shops and consignment shops, currency exchanges, other cash-based businesses, check cashing services | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 17] | Yes | Yes |
.casino | Casino & online gaming sites, travel agencies, local tourist sites, hotel booking sites | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.catering | Caterers & personal chefs, specialty food vendors, wedding planners & event planners, event spaces, wholesale suppliers | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 18] | Yes | Yes |
.catholic | Catholicism | Dicastery for Communication[8] | |||
.center | Community centers, business centers, shopping centers, tourist sites/city centers, tutoring & learning centers | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 19] | Yes | Yes |
.cern | CERN | CERN | CERN | Unknown | Yes |
.ceo | CEOs | —[31] | CEOTLD Pty Ltd | Unknown | Yes |
.cfd | clothing fashion design; originally signified contracts for difference trading when applied for by IG Group Holdings plc | DOTCFD REGISTRY LTD[8] | |||
.channel | Reserved for YouTube | Google[n 2] | Unknown | Yes | |
.chat | Online chat rooms, dating, political, religious, sports, human interest, & hobbyist forums, companies with live chat help desks, chatbot technology companies | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.charity | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes | |
.cheap | Online retailers, discount sites, overstock sites, businesses who sell bulk products at discounted prices, bargain hunters & frugal-living bloggers | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 20] | Yes | Yes |
.christmas | Christmas | — | Uniregistry | Yes[15] | Yes |
.church | Churches, youth organizations, spiritual communities, religion-based organizations, anyone who publishes spiritual or religious content | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 21] | Yes | Yes |
.circle | Reserved for Amazon | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8] | |||
.city | City resource sites for locals and travelers, travel writers & bloggers, local reviews websites, tourist attractions, transportation businesses | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 22] | Yes | Yes |
.claims | Insurance adjusters & claims representatives, insurance claims departments (auto, medical, homeowners), customer service departments of insurance companies, law firms | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 23] | Yes | Yes |
.cleaning | Contractors, commercial/home cleaning services, auto detailing/cleaning services | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 24] | Yes | Yes |
.click | — | Uniregistry | Yes[15] | Yes | |
.clinic | Healthcare clinics, medical or healthcare specialists, sports clinics, urgent care clinics | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 25] | Yes | Yes |
.clothing | Online retailers, department stores, designers | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 26] | Yes | Yes |
.cloud | Companies involved in cloud computing | — | Aruba S.p.A. | ||
.club | groups, organizations, assemblies, communities, general | —[32] | .CLUB DOMAINS | Yes[33] | Yes |
.coach | Athletic organizations, personal trainers & coaches, business, life, & health coaches, school & community club coaches or tutors, affordable travel, airline, train, car, or other transportation companies | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.codes | Software and web developers, IT companies, technology R&D companies, coding enthusiasts, coding classes & camps | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 27] | Yes | Yes |
.coffee | Coffee shops, roasters, wholesalers & suppliers, machine & equipment suppliers and stands | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 28] | Yes | Yes |
.college | Educational | — | XYZ.com | Yes | Yes |
.community | City guides & community centers, online communities, neighborhood associations, churches, mosques, temples, and other spiritual communities, local writers & bloggers | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 29] | Yes | Yes |
.company | Small, medium, or large businesses, business that want to demonstrate authority in their field, makers, artisans, anyone who sells a niche product | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 30] | Yes | Yes |
.compare | Reserved for iSelect Ltd | iSelect Ltd[8] | |||
.computer | Computer manufacturers, computer repair services, computer resellers, computer training & education programs, tech companies | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 31] | Yes | Yes |
.condos | Real estate brokers/agents, property (condominium) managers, mortgage companies, condominium/apartment developers, condominium associations | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 32] | Yes | Yes |
.construction | Contractors, commercial/residential architects, wholesale and retail construction suppliers | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 33] | Yes | Yes |
.consulting | Consulting firms, independent consultants, specialty services, businesses that offer expert training | — | Donuts Inc[n 1] | Yes | Yes |
.contact | Top Level Spectrum, Inc.[8] | ||||
.contractors | Construction-related businesses, contractors, subcontractors, independent contractors with unique skills and expertise, unions or other organizations promoting their people and skills | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 34] | Yes | Yes |
.cooking | sharing recipes | — | Minds + Machines[n 3] | Yes | Yes |
.cool | Fashion magazines & blogs, meme aggregators, trend tracking sites, online merchants, fun publications & sites | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 35] | Yes | Yes |
.coop | cooperatives | The .coop TLD is limited to cooperatives as defined by the Rochdale Principles. | DotCooperation | No | Yes |
.country | general | — | Minds + Machines[n 3] | Yes | Yes |
.coupon | discounts and rebates | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8] | |||
.coupons | Coupon pages, coupon sites, discount sites, coupon-themed blogs, bargain hunters | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.courses | education | Open Universities Australia Pty Ltd[8] | |||
.cpa | accountants and accounting firms | Restricted to licensed CPAs and CPA firms | American Institute of Certified Public Accountants | Unknown | Yes |
.credit | Credit card companies, lenders, credit unions, collection agencies, credit counselors & financial planners | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 36] | Yes | Yes |
.creditcard | Credit card companies, store/retailer credit card sites, credit counselors & financial planners, credit card processing services | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 37] | Yes | Yes |
.cruise | Cruise lines, cruise-related products or services, travel agencies & vacation services, private charter boats | Viking River Cruises (Bermuda) Ltd.[8] | |||
.cricket | cricket | — | Global Registry Services Ltd[7] | Unknown | Yes |
.cruises | cruise businesses and travel | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 38] | Yes | Yes |
.cyou | For any individual or business that shares the ethical values of diversity, inclusivity, and independence[34] | — | Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd.[35] | Yes |
D [edit]
Name | Target market | Restrictions | Operator/Registry | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.dad | families | — | Google[n 2] | Unknown | Yes |
.dance | Dance studios & instructors, nightclubs & music venues, dance teams & troupes, dance shoe, clothing & equipment manufacturers, fans of dance & live performances | — | Donuts Inc[n 1] | Yes | Yes |
.data | Dish DBS Corporation[8] | ||||
.date | online dating | — | Global Registry Services Ltd[7] | Unknown | Yes |
.dating | Dating & matchmaker sites, travel sites & city guides, singles meetup groups, traditional "classified" sites, event businesses | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 39] | Yes | Yes |
.day | general | — | Google[n 2] | Unknown | Yes |
.deal | sales | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8] | |||
.deals | Discount sites, bargain hunters, coupon sites, coupon pages. coupon-themed guides, directories and blogs | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 40] | Yes | Yes |
.degree | Brick-and-mortar schools & universities, online universities, other learning courses, other educational resources | — | Donuts Inc[n 1] | Yes | Yes |
.delivery | Consumer delivery services, commercial shipping services, transportation services, messenger services, any business that ships their products | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 41] | Yes | Yes |
.democrat | Political candidates, lobbyists, political parties, fundraising organizations | — | Donuts Inc[n 1] | Yes | Yes |
.dental | Dentists, endodontists, orthodontists, retailers selling oral health supplies, wholesale suppliers for dental care | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 42] | Yes | Yes |
.dentist | Dentists, endodontists, orthodontists, retailers selling oral health supplies, wholesale suppliers for dental care | — | Donuts Inc[n 1] | Yes | Yes |
.design | graphic art and fashion | — | Top Level Design | Yes | Yes |
.dev | software development | — | Unknown | Yes | |
.diamonds | Jewelers, diamond wholesalers and retailers, jewelry appraisers and buyers, pawn shops | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 43] | Yes | Yes |
.diet | dieting and dietary | — | Uniregistry | Yes[15] | Yes |
.digital | Advertising/Marketing/PR/Design agencies, media buying/production companies (digital & traditional), online event, meetup & gaming sites, technology companies, e-commerce sites | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 44] | Yes | Yes |
.direct | Direct-to-consumer stores, bargain hunters, transportation services, messenger services, delivery & shipping services | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 45] | Yes | Yes |
.directory | Listings organizations, name, phone & address directories, online business directories, clubs, groups, & other organizations directories | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 46] | Yes | Yes |
.discount | Discount sites, bargain hunters, coupon sites, coupon pages, coupon-themed blogs | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 47] | Yes | Yes |
.diy | do-it-yourself | Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.[8] | |||
.docs | Medical doctors | Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[8] | |||
.doctor | Doctors, any business with "doctor" in the name, other health care providers, PhD experts in any field | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes | |
.dog | Dog breeders, dog walking, grooming & sitting businesses, veterinarians, animal shelters & adoption centers, pet stores & suppliers | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.domains | Any web-based service, network consultants, domain brokers, resellers and registrars, home-related products and services | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 48] | Yes | Yes |
.dot | Dish DBS Corporation[8] | ||||
.download | technology | — | Global Registry Services Ltd[7] | Unknown | Yes |
.drive | Reserved for Google Drive | Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[8] | |||
.duck | Reserved for Duck® | Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.[8] |
E [edit]
Name | Target market | Restrictions | Operator/Registry | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.earth | Individuals or businesses with a worldwide focus | Interlink Co., Ltd.[8] | |||
.eat | restaurants and foodies | — | Google[n 2] | Unknown | Yes |
.eco | Sustainability minded companies, non-profits and professionals.[36] | Open to anyone pledging a commitment to sustainability action.[37] | Big Room Inc.[38] | No | Yes |
.education | Colleges & universities, public schools, PTAs & other school groups, education research organizations, any organization focused on educating its audience | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 49] | Yes | Yes |
Advertising/Marketing/PR/Design agencies, email marketing experts, CRM and marketing technology specialists, anyone who wants a memorable email address | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 50] | Yes | Yes | |
.energy | Electrical, mechanical, chemical, nuclear & thermal energy producers, solar, wind, hydro, bio & other sustainable alternative energy producers, battery manufacturers & oil industry R&D, energy conservation organizations, energy food & drink manufacturers | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 51] | Yes | Yes |
.engineer | Computer and software engineering companies, civil, electrical, mechanical, and architectural engineering companies, environmental, chemical, geotechnical, and bio engineering companies, engineer training or educational institutions, railroad engineers | — | Donuts Inc[n 1] | Yes | Yes |
.engineering | Computer and software engineering companies, civil, electrical, mechanical, and architectural engineering companies, environmental, chemical, geotechnical, and bio engineering companies, engineer training or educational institutions, railroad engineers | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 52] | Yes | Yes |
.edeka | edeka firms | — | EDEKA Verband kaufmännischer Genossenschaften e.V. | Yes | Yes |
.entertainment | Ticket outlets, travel sites & local tourist sites, performance halls, theaters, & music venues, anyone in the entertainment industry, celebrity news sites | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.enterprises | Entrepreneurs, startups, parent & holding companies, enterprise SaaS solutions & tech services | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 53] | Yes | Yes |
.equipment | Home improvement stores, construction equipment rentals, construction equipment sales, sporting goods stores | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 54] | Yes | Yes |
.esq | lawyers, law firms, legal professionals | To be restricted to verified lawyers and attorneys[39] | Google[n 2] | Unknown | Yes |
.estate | Estate sale management & appraisal services, estate planners & lawyers, real estate agents & brokers | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 55] | Yes | Yes |
.events | Event planners, sports & gaming agencies/sites, ticket sale/resale sites, city guides & community centers, performance halls, music clubs/bars | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 56] | Yes | Yes |
.exchange | Foreign currency exchanges, stock brokers, investment fund traders, ETF distributors, brokers, & dealers | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 57] | Yes | Yes |
.expert | Home services providers, online review sites, skilled worker databases, freelanceers, consultants, & subject matter experts | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 58] | Yes | Yes |
.exposed | Tabloid sites, celebrity romance blog, TV spoiler sites, sites that host leaked documents, investigative journalism sites | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 59] | Yes | Yes |
.express | Transportation services, messenger services, delivery & shipping services, direct-to-consumer stores | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
F [edit]
Name | Target market | Restrictions | Operator/Registry | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.fail | Online meme aggregators, humor websites, video sites | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 60] | Yes | Yes |
.faith | religion and churches | — | Global Registry Services Ltd[7] | Unknown | Yes |
.family | Family-focused travel sites, blogs about family-friendly activities & games, family history sites, photo sites, obstetricians & family practice doctors | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.fan | Fan sites, current events & gossip sites, sport blogs and forums, personal & business sites about niche topics | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes | |
.fans | general | — | Unknown | Yes | |
.farm | Real estate brokers/agents, farming services & equipment dealers, farmers & ranchers, property managers, health food distributors, crypto farmers | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 61] | Yes | Yes |
.fashion | clothing industry | — | Minds + Machines[n 3] | Yes | Yes |
.fast | Reserved for Amazon | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8] | |||
.feedback | feedback and reviews | — | Top Level Spectrum | Unknown | Yes |
.fiat | Only FIAT S.P.A. and its Affiliates (and qualifying Trademark Licensees as defined in, and in accordance with Specification 13 of the Registry Agreement ("Specification 13") where applicable) are eligible to register a Domain Name under the .FIAT TLD.[40] | Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.[41] | Unknown | Yes | |
.film | films | Motion Picture Domain Registry Pty Ltd[8] | |||
.final | final versions of anything | Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br[8] | |||
.finance | Investment services, banks & financial institutes, credit counselors & financial planners, accounting firms, lenders | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 62] | Yes | Yes |
.financial | Investment services, banks & financial institutions, credit counselors & financial planners, accounting firms, lenders | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 63] | Yes | Yes |
.fire | Reserved for Amazon (promotion of Fire devices) | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8] | |||
.fish | Seafood markets, restaurants & suppliers, sport fishing & fly fishing enthusiasts, fishing gear, tackle, & product manufacturers, travel outfitters & fishing guide companies, aquariums, pet & fish supply stores, marine biology programs & conservation organizations | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 64] | Yes | Yes |
.fishing | fishing businesses, sports, and interests | — | Minds + Machines[n 3] | Yes | Yes |
.fit | Fitness and exercise | — | Minds + Machines[n 3] | Unknown | Yes |
.fitness | Gyms, athletic clubs & family health organizations, personal trainers, weight loss, health & wellness clinics, health & exercise blogs, fitness competition & events companies | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 65] | Yes | Yes |
.flights | Airline-related products or services, helicopter rides, skydiving, & hang gliding, travel agencies & travel services, private pilots, airport transportation | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 66] | Yes | Yes |
.florist | Florists, flower delivery services, floral designers, flower seed suppliers | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 67] | Yes | Yes |
.flowers | florists and gardens | — | Uniregistry | Yes | Yes |
.fly | travel | To be restricted to verified airlines, travel agencies and travel resellers[42] | Google[n 2] | Unknown | Yes |
.foo | web development | —[43] | Google[n 2] | Unknown | Yes |
.food | Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.[8] | ||||
.foodnetwork | Reserved for Food Network | Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.[8] | |||
.football | Professional & amateur football & soccer teams, football clothing, gear & fan merchandise, football equipment manufacturers, football coaches & players | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.forsale | Individual real estate brokers and brokerages, wholesalers and retailers across many product categories, discount, flash sale and deal websites, auction sites and individuals selling items they no longer need | — | Donuts Inc[n 1] | Yes | Yes |
.forum | forums | Fegistry, LLC[8] | |||
.foundation | Charitable organizations, public school foundations, other philanthropic organizations & foundations | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 68] | Yes | Yes |
.free | sales | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8] | |||
.frontdoor | Reserved for HGTV | Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.[8] | |||
.fun | — | Radix Registry | Unknown | Unknown | |
.fund | Investment services, banks & financial institutions, credit counselors & financial planners, lenders | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 69] | Yes | Yes |
.furniture | Home décor and furnishing stores, department stores, home designers, vintage stores, antique dealers | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 70] | Yes | Yes |
.fyi | "for your information" | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
G [edit]
Name | Target market | Restrictions | Operator/Registry | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.gallery | Galleries, professional photographers, camera and equipment retailers, photo studios & photography schools, wedding and specialty photographers, anyone who wants to share photos online | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 71] | Yes | Yes |
.game | gaming | Uniregistry, Corp.[8] | |||
.games | Gaming sites, forums & reviews, online or brick & mortar game stores/clubs, sports events, clubs—professional & recreational, casinos | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes | |
.garden | gardening | — | Minds + Machines[n 3] | Yes | Yes |
.gay | gay individuals or supportive organisations | — | Top Level Design[n 4] | Yes | Yes [44] |
.gdn | general | — | GDN Registry | Unknown | Unknown |
.gift | gift-giving | — | Uniregistry | Yes[15] | Yes |
.gifts | Gift buyers, discount sites, corporate HR departments, bargain hunters | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 72] | Yes | Yes |
.gives | Philanthropic organizations and foundations, charities, nonprofits, corporate giving initiatives, volunteer organizations | — | Donuts Inc[n 1] | Yes | Yes |
.glass | Glass & glass repair shops, glass departments within home supply stores, contractors, windshield repair & auto glass businesses, DIYers/artists | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 73] | Yes | Yes |
.gle | Google abbreviations | In use for some URL abbreviations related to Google such as forms.gle and goo.gle. | Charleston Road Registry Inc. (a Google subsidiary)[45] | Unknown | Yes |
.global | general, companies or individuals with a global focus or presence | — | Dot GLOBAL | Yes | Yes |
.gold | Jewelers, gold traders and dealers, coin sellers and traders, trophy and awards shops | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.golf | Professional & amateur golf organizations, golf courses, equipment suppliers & manufacturers, golf travel & event companies, golf players, enthusiasts & spectators, sports networks | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
In use for some websites related to Google such as blog | Alphabet Inc. | Unknown | Yes | ||
.gop | Republican Party politics | — | Republican State Leadership Committee | Spanish[46] | Yes |
.graphics | Web design firms, freelance designers, graphic artists | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 74] | Yes | Yes |
.green | the environmentally-focused | "As a Registrant you may not ... use a .green name or its content in a way that negatively affects the mission, purpose of the .green TLD, or its brand."[47] | Afilias | Unknown | Yes |
.gripe | Online complaint sites, online forums, customer service providers, feedback sites, blogs about scams | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 75] | Yes | Yes |
.grocery | Reserved for Walmart | Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.[8] | |||
.group | Groups based on hobbies or interests (running, crafts, gaming), group-based businesses (medical practices, law firms, financial advisors), professional associations, support groups | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.guide | City resource sites for locals and travelers, travel writers & bloggers, local reviews websites, tourist attractions & guides, outdoor adventure companies | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 76] | Yes | Yes |
.guitars | Guitars | — | Uniregistry | Yes[15] | Yes |
.guru | Mindfulness & yoga practices, spiritual leadership sites, any training program, work-for-hire sites, freelancers, consultants, & subject matter experts | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 77] | Yes[48] | Yes |
H [edit]
Name | Target market | Restrictions | Operator/Registry | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.hair | haircare products and services | L'Oreal[8] | |||
.hangout | Reserved for Google Hangouts | Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[8] | |||
.health | health and related topics | DotHealth, LLC[8] | |||
.healthcare | Primary/secondary care physicians, hospitals & clinics, healthcare insurance providers & brokers, company HR/benefits departments | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 78] | Yes | Yes |
.help | help sites | — | Uniregistry | Yes[15] | Yes |
.here | generic geographic | — | Google[n 2] | Unknown | Yes |
.hiphop | Hip hop culture | — | Uniregistry | Yes[15] | Yes |
.hiv | AIDS and HIV awareness | — | dotHIV | Unknown | Yes |
.hockey | Sports media, sporting goods stores & hockey equipment suppliers, professional, minor league & amateur hockey teams, hockey fans, fantasy leagues, sponsors, coaches & referees | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.holdings | Holding companies, private equity firms, real estate developers | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 79] | Yes | Yes |
.holiday | Airline-related products or services, travel agencies, resources & services, travel writers & bloggers, city guides & resource sites, hotels, hostels, B&Bs, lodging | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 80] | Yes | Yes |
.homegoods | Reserved for HomeGoods | The TJX Companies, Inc.[8] | |||
.homes | real estate professionals | — | Dominion Enterprises | Unknown | Yes |
.homesense | Reserved for HomeSense | The TJX Companies, Inc.[8] | |||
.horse | horse-related businesses and interest | — | Minds + Machines[n 3] | Yes | Yes |
.hospital | Hospitals & clinics, healthcare providers, medical, dental, or vision specialists, insurance providers | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes | |
.host | network companies | — | Radix Registry | Unknown | Yes |
.hosting | — | Uniregistry | Yes[15] | Yes | |
.hot | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8] | ||||
.hotels | Reserved for Booking.com | Booking.com B.V.[8] | |||
.house | Real estate brokers/agents, mortgage companies, home builders, construction/home improvement suppliers, home improvement sites & blogs | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 81] | Yes | Yes |
.how | how-to guides | — | Google[n 2] | Unknown | Yes |
I [edit]
Name | Target market | Restrictions | Operator/Registry | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.ice | Reserved for Intercontinental Exchange | IntercontinentalExchange, Inc.[8] | |||
.icu | entrepreneurs and business owners | — | ShortDot SA | ||
.inc | Corporations | ||||
.industries | Machine or equipment manufacturers, manufacturers, tech or biotech companies, professional associations, businesses with "industries" in their names | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 82] | Yes | Yes |
.info | information | — | Afilias | German[9] | Yes |
.ing | Verbal suffix: e.g., "jump.ing". | — | Google[n 2] | Unknown | Yes |
.ink | creative printing or tattooing[49] | — | Top Level Design | Yes | Yes |
.institute[50] | Educational institutions, training programs, foundations, research organizations, military schools | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 83] | Yes | Yes |
.insurance | insurance companies | fTLD Registry Services LLC[8] | |||
.insure | Insurance companies (life, auto, homeowners, renters), insurance divisions of larger companies (car rentals, warranties), insurance brokers & advisors | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 84] | Yes | Yes |
.international | Any organization with an international presence, international consultants, import/export businesses, international travel organizations | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 85] | Yes | Yes |
.investments | Investment services (institutional, private), wealth management services, financial planners, brokerage firms | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 86] | Yes | Yes |
.irish | Airline-related products or services, domestic/International travel agencies, resources & services, travel writers & bloggers, Ireland travel guides & resource sites, seasonal opportunities (St. Patrick's Day) | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
J [edit]
Name | Target market | Restrictions | Operator/Registry | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.jewelry | Jewelers, jewelry buyers, online retailers, department stores | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.jobs | Employment | For websites with job opportunities and job listings.[51] | Employ Media | No | Yes |
.joy | Reserved for Amazon | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8] |
K [edit]
Name | Target market | Restrictions | Operator/Registry | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.kim | Kim (Korean surname) | — | Afilias | Unknown | Yes |
.kitchen | Restaurants, cafes, & delis, food stands & mobile vendors, meal services & personal chefs, kitchen supply stores, food blogs & recipe sites | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 87] | Yes | Yes |
.kosher | Kosher food certification and regulations | — | OK Kosher Certification |
L [edit]
Name | Target market | Restrictions | Operator/Registry | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.land | Real estate brokers and agents, residential/commercial land developers, home builders, mortgage companies, traditional "classified" sites | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 88] | Yes | Yes |
.lat | Latin American communities and users | ECOM-LAC[8] | |||
.law | practitioners and educators in law | Restricted to qualified lawyers, courts of law, law schools, and legal regulators.[52] | Minds + Machines Group Limited[8] | ||
.lawyer | Independent attorneys and law firms of any size, legal services entities, elected officials and judges, professional organizations, law students | — | Donuts Inc[n 1] | Yes | Yes |
.lease | Real estate brokers/agents, property managers, condo/apartment developers, real estate law firms | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 89] | Yes | Yes |
.leclerc | Reserved for E.Leclerc | A.C.D. LEC Association des Centres Distributeurs Edouard Leclerc | |||
.legal | Attorneys, lawyers & law firms, corporate legal teams, paralegals, legal advocates, committees, associations and interest groups associated with the law | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.lgbt | the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community | "Registrants are prohibited from using the .LGBT domain in a manner that is harmful, threatening, abusive, harassing, defamatory, or hateful with respect to the LGBT community."[53] | Afilias | Unknown | Yes |
.life | Wellness and health experts, charities, coaches & personal development enthusiasts, lifestyle bloggers, anyone who wants to share personal stories | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 90] | Yes | Yes |
.lifeinsurance | life insurance | American Council of Life Insurers[8] | |||
.lighting | Lighting & lighting repair shops, lighting departments within home supply stores, contractors, commercial/residential architects, DIYers | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 91] | Yes | Yes |
.like | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8] | ||||
.limited | Private companies, limited by shares, limited companies, businesses with "limited" or "LTD" in their names, specialty products and services, businesses that sell limited-quantity products | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 92] | Yes | Yes |
.limo | Airline & travel-related products or services, city guides & tourist attractions, transportation businesses, hotels, lodging, weddings, party and occasion-related services | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 93] | Yes | Yes |
.link | connecting to information[54] | — | Uniregistry | Yes[15] | Yes |
.live | Live streaming sites, entertainment/music venues, news sites/blogs, ticket sale/resale sites, video production companies | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.living | Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.[8] | ||||
.loan | banks and lenders | — | Global Registry Services Ltd[7] | Unknown | Yes |
.loans | Mortgage companies, personal loan agencies, auto loan agencies & car dealerships, credit consolidation services | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 94] | Yes | Yes |
.locker | Reserved for DISH DBS Corporation | Dish DBS Corporation[8] | |||
.lol | LOL: laughing out loud (humorous or comedic content) | — | Uniregistry[55] | Unknown | Yes |
.lotto | lottery | — | Afilias | Unknown | Yes |
.love | dating sites | — | Unknown | Yes | |
.ltd | Private companies, limited by shares, limited companies, businesses with "limited" or "LTD" in their names, specialty products and services, businesses that sell limited-quantity products | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.luxury | businesses catering to the wealthy | — | Luxury Partners | Yes | Yes |
M [edit]
Name | Target market | Restrictions | Operator/Registry | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.makeup | Reserved for L'Oréal | L'Oréal[8] | |||
.management | Property managers, wealth management firms, money management, systems & network managers, leadership teams | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 95] | Yes | Yes |
.map | maps and navigation | Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[8] | No | ||
.market | Online retailers, independent or chain grocery stores, buyer and seller communities, discount sites & coupon sites | — | Donuts Inc[n 1] | Yes | Yes |
.marketing | Advertising/Marketing/PR/Design agencies, media buying/production companies (digital & traditional), staffing agencies, marketing consultants | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 96] | Yes | Yes |
.markets | Reserved for IG Group | IG Group | Unknown | Yes | |
.mba | Colleges, universities, & graduate programs, online educational sites, job search sites, MBA candidates | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.med | medicine and related topics | Medistry LLC[8] | |||
.media | Advertising/Marketing/PR/Design agencies, media buying/production companies (digital & traditional), news outlets, media bloggers, celebrity publications, digital publishers & graphic designers | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 97] | Yes | Yes |
.meet | social gatherings, meeting new people | — | Afilias | Unknown | Yes |
.meme | Internet memes | — | Google[n 2] | Unknown | Yes |
.memorial | News site obituaries, personal tribute sites, floral & funeral arrangement companies | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.men | men | — | Global Registry Services Ltd[7] | Unknown | Yes |
.menu | restaurants | — | Wedding TLD2 | Yes | Yes |
.mint | Reserved for Intuit Mint | Intuit Administrative Services, Inc.[8] | |||
.mobi | mobile devices | Must be used for mobile-compatible sites in accordance with standards. | Afilias | Yes | Yes |
.mobile | Dish DBS Corporation[8] | ||||
.mobily | Reserved for Mobily | GreenTech Consultancy Company W.L.L.[8] | |||
.moe | Japanese otaku culture; see moe (slang) | — | Interlink | Yes | Yes |
.mom | mothers | Uniregistry, Corp.[8] | |||
.money | Lenders, financial services businesses, money blogs & news sites, investment bankers & brokers, financial planners & experts | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.monster | Reserved for Monster.com | Monster Worldwide, Inc. | Yes | Yes | |
.mortgage | Mortgage brokers, real estate brokers/agents, home buyers, traditional "classified" sites | — | Donuts Inc[n 1] | Yes | Yes |
.motorcycles | motorcycles | — | DERMotorcycles | Unknown | Yes |
.mov | digital video | — | Google[n 2] | Unknown | Yes |
.movie | Streaming movie services, movie studios & distributors, movie theaters & entertainment outlets, ticket sale/resale sites, movie review sites | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.museum | museums | Must be verified as a legitimate museum. | Museum Domain Management Association | Latin script[9] | Yes |
.music | Music dissemination and appreciation | — | Under contention |
N [edit]
Name | Target market | Restrictions | Operator/Registry | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.name | individuals, by name | Open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register; however, registrations may be challenged later if they are not by individuals (or the owners of fictional characters) in accordance with the domain's charter. | Verisign | Yes[9] | Yes |
.navy | Naval training schools, navy supply stores, military recruiters, credit unions, navy members and veterans | — | Donuts Inc[n 1] | Yes | Yes |
.network | IT professionals, tech consultants, career sites, industry-specific professional groups, social networks | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 98] | Yes | Yes |
.new | Websites where people can create something | The second-level domain name must be the thing to be created immediately when a user visits the .new website. Most likely, the .new will redirect to a company's main website. | Google[n 2] | Unknown | Yes |
.news | News organizations, educational publications, trade publications, neighborhood news blogs | — | Unknown | Yes | |
.ngo | Non-governmental organizations. Sold packaged with .ong. | Restricted to validated NGOs, as determined by PIR. See the eligibility requirements. | Public Interest Registry | Unknown | Yes |
.ninja | Sites promoting specialized skills, repair services (auto, appliance, etc.), gaming sites, martial arts organizations | — | Donuts Inc[n 1] | Yes | Yes |
.now | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8] | ||||
.ntt | Restricted to use by NTT Japan. Refer to the .ntt Registration Policies page for more information. | Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation.[8] | Unknown |
O [edit]
Name | Target market | Restrictions | Operator/Registry | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.observer | Reserved for The Observer | Top Level Spectrum, Inc. | |||
.off | Reserved for Off! | Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.[8] | |||
.org | general | — | Public Interest Registry | ||
.one | general | — | One Registry | Unknown | Yes |
.ong | Non-governmental organizations. Sold packaged with .ngo. | Restricted to validated NGOs, as determined by PIR. See the eligibility requirements. | Public Interest Registry | Unknown | Yes |
.onl | generic | — | I-REGISTRY | Unknown | Yes |
.online | generic | — | Radix Registry | Unknown | Yes |
.ooo | general | — | Infibeam | No | Yes |
.open | private to the "Registry Operator and its qualified Affiliates and Trademark Licensees"[56] | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.[8] | |||
.organic | organic gardeners, farmers, foods, etc. | Registrants must be verified as a member of the organic community.[57] | Afilias | Unknown | Yes |
.origins | Reserved for Origins | The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.[8] |
P [edit]
Name | Target market | Restrictions | Operator/Registry | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.page | Reserved for Google and related content | Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[8] | |||
.partners | Law firms, real estate agencies, investment firms, accounting firms, nonprofit organizations | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 99] | Yes | Yes |
.parts | Appliance wholesalers & service, tool rentals & service businesses, auto/boat/heavy equipment businesses | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 100] | Yes | Yes |
.party | nightclubs and social gatherings | — | Global Registry Services Ltd[7] | Unknown | Yes |
.pay | electronic payments | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8] | |||
.pet | animals and pets | Afilias plc[8] | |||
.pharmacy | pharmacies | "All registrants within the .pharmacy gTLD are vetted prior to registration to confirm that they meet all applicable regulatory standards, including pharmacy licensure and valid prescription requirements, in the jurisdictions where they are based and where they serve patients."[58] | National Association of Boards of Pharmacy | Unknown | Yes |
.phone | telephone-related businesses | Dish DBS Corporation[8] | |||
.photo | photography and photo-sharing | — | Uniregistry | Yes[15] | Yes |
.photography | Professional photographers, camera and equipment retailers, photo studios & photography schools, wedding and specialty photographers, anyone who wants to share photos online | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 101] | Yes | Yes |
.photos | Professional photographers, camera and equipment retailers, photo studios & photography schools, wedding and specialty photographers, anyone who wants to share photos online | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 102] | Yes | Yes |
.physio | physical therapists | Must be eligible for membership within an association that is a member of the World Confederation for Physical Therapy, have proper training as a physical therapist outside WCPT's reach, or otherwise supports physical therapy.[59] [60] | PhysBiz | Unknown | Yes |
.pics | photography and photo-sharing | — | Uniregistry | Yes[15] | Yes |
.pictures | Professional photographers, camera and equipment retailers, photo studios & photography schools, wedding and specialty photographers, anyone who wants to share photos online | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 103] | Yes | Yes |
.pid | personal identification | — | Top Level Spectrum | Unknown | Yes |
.pin | Reserved for Amazon | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8] | |||
.pink | those who like the color pink | — | Afilias | Yes | Yes |
.pizza | Pizzerias, take & bake pizza shops, Italian or Greek restaurants, pizza brands found in grocery stores | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 104] | Yes | Yes |
.place | Airline-related products or services, travel agencies, resources & services, travel writers & bloggers, tourist attractions, hotels, hostels, B&Bs, lodging | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 105] | Yes | Yes |
.plumbing | Plumbers & plumbing repair businesses, plumbing departments within home supply stores, contractors/subcontractors, DIYers | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 106] | Yes | Yes |
.plus | Consumer commodity stores & sites, clothing (plus, big & tall), service-based businesses, any entity wanting to show their competitive advantage | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.poker | Poker players and sites | — | Afilias[n 5] | Unknown | Yes |
.porn | adult entertainment (pornography) | For sites providing sexually explicit content, such as pornography. | Afilias | Yes | Yes |
.post | postal services | The .post TLD is restricted to Postal Administrations as defined in the Universal Postal Union constitution, and their large customers who wish to provide "Trusted Postal Services".[61] | Universal Postal Union | No[62] | Yes |
.press | publishing and journalism | — | Radix Registry | Unknown | Yes |
.prime | Reserved for Amazon Prime | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8] | |||
.pro | professions/professionals | — | Registry Services Corporation | No | Yes |
.productions | Advertising/Marketing/PR/Design agencies, media buying/production companies (digital & traditional), video production services, anyone in the film industry | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 107] | Yes | Yes |
.prof | Professors, teachers and learning | — | Google[n 2] | Unknown | Yes |
.promo | advertising | Afilias plc[8] | |||
.properties | Real estate brokers/agents, residential/Commercial land developers, property (condo/apartment) managers, home builders, mortgage companies | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 108] | Yes | Yes |
.property | real estate | — | Uniregistry | Yes[15] | Yes |
.protection | security | XYZ.COM LLC[8] | |||
.pub | Pubs, bars & nightclubs, burger joints, breweries & taphouses, beer distributors, restaurant & bar suppliers publications | — | Donuts Inc[n 1] | Yes | Yes |
Q [edit]
Name | Target market | Restrictions | Operator/Registry | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.qpon | coupons | — | dotCOOL | Unknown | Yes |
R [edit]
Name | Target market | Restrictions | Operator/Registry | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.racing | racing | — | Global Registry Services Ltd[7] | Unknown | Yes |
.radio | radio stations | European Broadcasting Union (EBU)[8] | |||
.read | Reserved for Amazon books | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8] | |||
.realestate | real estate | dotRealEstate LLC[8] | |||
.realtor | realtors | To be restricted to members of the National Association of Realtors and the Canadian Real Estate Association, and related associations.[63] | Real Estate Domains | Unknown | Yes |
.realty | realty and housing | Fegistry, LLC[8] | |||
.recipes | Recipe sites, food & beverage grocery brands, health & fitness organizations, cooking enthusiasts, personal/professional chefs | — | Donuts[donuts 109] | Yes | Yes |
.red | those who like the color red[64] Also Spanish variant of .net Also likely to be attractive for domain hacks for words that end with '-red'. | — | Afilias | Yes | Yes |
.rehab | Physical and occupational therapists and professionals, drug, alcohol and gambling addiction counselors, rehabilitation facilities and recovery centers, online health directories, physical or emotional health associations | — | Donuts Inc[n 1] | Yes | Yes |
.reit | real estate investment trusts | Restricted to REITs, as determined by national law.[65] | National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts | Unknown | Yes |
.rent | Real estate professionals and small businesses | — | xyz.xyz | Unknown | Yes |
.rentals | Real estate brokers/agents, city guides, college housing centers, & community centers, vehicle, equipment, or entertainment/event rentals, property managers, condo/apartment developers | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 110] | Yes | Yes |
.repair | General or specialty repair shops, construction contractors/subcontractors, DIYers, appliance wholesalers & service, auto/boat businesses | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 111] | Yes | Yes |
.report | News & current events sites, financial reporting sites, financial or business analysts, consumer product reviews, police, school, or other community report listings | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 112] | Yes | Yes |
.republican | Political candidates, lobbyists, political parties, fundraising organizations | — | Donuts Inc[n 1] | Yes | Yes |
.rest | Restaurants and related industry | — | Punto 2012 | Yes[66] | Yes |
.restaurant | Casual eateries, gourmet restaurants, suppliers, chains, review sites, reservation sites & services | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 113] | Yes | Yes |
.review | public reviews | — | Global Registry Services Ltd[7] | Unknown | Yes |
.reviews | News media, food publications, travel publications, literary publications, any product & service with online reviews | — | Donuts Inc[n 1] | Yes | Yes |
.rich | businesses catering to the wealthy | — | I-REGISTRY | Unknown | Yes |
.rip | Loved ones seeking to memorialize the deceased, funeral homes and cemeteries, businesses that support the funeral industry, obituary websites[67] | — | Donuts Inc[n 1] | Yes | Yes |
.rocks | Pop culture sites, niche and fan sites, musicians, gemstone & jewelry companies | — | Donuts Inc[n 1] | Yes | Yes |
.rodeo | Rodeo interest | — | Minds + Machines[n 3] | Yes | Yes |
.room | lodging or room design | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8] | |||
.rugby | rugby | World Rugby Strategic Developments Limited[8] | |||
.run | Runners, running shoe retailers, specialty running gear shops, running event organizers | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
S [edit]
Name | Target market | Restrictions | Operator/Registry | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.safe | security and safety | Reserved for Amazon | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8] | ||
.sale | Online and brick-and-mortar retailers and wholesalers, automotive and motorcycle dealers, discount, flash sale, and deal websites, auction sites and individuals selling items they no longer need | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.salon | Hair salons, nail salons, beauty product companies, beauty schools | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.save | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8] | ||||
.sbi | State Bank of India | ||||
.scholarships | scholarship related | — | Scholarships.com[68] [69] | Unknown | Unknown |
.school | Public schools, private & charter schools, specialty and trade schools, online learning sites, resource sites for teachers | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 114] | Yes | Yes |
.science | science-related sites | — | Global Registry Services Ltd[7] | Unknown | Yes |
.search | search engines | Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[8] | |||
.secure | security | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8] | |||
.security | XYZ.COM LLC[8] | ||||
.select | iSelect Ltd[8] | ||||
.services | Service division of any company, home services (cleaning, landscaping, plumbing, pet care), business services (tech support, interior design, translation services), community service organizations | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 115] | Yes | Yes |
.sex | adult entertainment (pornography) | For sites providing sexually explicit content, such as pornography. | ICM Registry | Yes | Yes |
.sexy | adult entertainment | — | Uniregistry | Yes[15] | Yes |
.shoes | Shoe stores, department stores, online retailers, athletic shoe retailers, discount shoe stores | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 116] | Yes | Yes |
.shop | GMO Registry, Inc.[8] | ||||
.shopping | Online retailers, shopping centers, personal shoppers, discount sites & coupon sites, shopping blogs & product reviews | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes | |
.show | Ticket sale/resale sites, performance halls, music clubs/bars, streaming video services, movie review sites, travel sites & city guides | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.showtime | Reserved for Showtime | CBS Domains Inc.[8] | |||
.silk | Reserved for Amazon Silk | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8] | |||
.singles | (Tickets) Ticket sale/resale sites, gaming agencies, movie review sites, city guides, sports sites (Dating) Dating & matchmaker sites, singles meetup groups, traditional "classified" sites, travel sites & city guides | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 117] | Yes | Yes |
.site | general | — | Unknown | Yes | |
.ski | skiing | STARTING DOT LIMITED[8] | |||
.skin | Reserved for L'Oréal | L'Oréal[8] | |||
.sky | Sky International AG[8] | ||||
.sling | Reserved for Sling Media | Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation[8] | |||
.smile | Reserved for Amazon | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8] | |||
.sncf | Reserved to the SNCF company. | SNCF | |||
.soccer | Professional & amateur soccer clubs, soccer equipment suppliers & manufacturers, soccer & sports media networks, soccer players, enthusiasts, & spectators, soccer camps, coaches, & training organizations | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.social | Advertising/Marketing/PR/Design agencies, media buying/production companies (digital & traditional), blogs & forums, event & meetup groups, any person or organization driving awareness of their social presence | — | Donuts Inc[n 1] | Yes | Yes |
.software | Software testing, support, & consulting companies, software product developers & manufacturers, software training & educational institutions, software resellers | — | Donuts Inc[n 1] | Yes | Yes |
.solar | Renewable & sustainable energy producers, solar panel, roof tile, & storage producers, solar cell battery, chargers, lights, speakers, & generator manufacturers, sunglass, shades, UV clothing, sunblock & other solar protection products | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 118] | Yes | Yes |
.solutions | SaaS providers, people who offer do-it-yourself tips and tutorials, consultants, any business focused on providing the right solutions to their customers' problems. | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 119] | Yes | Yes |
.song | Reserved for Amazon Music | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8] | |||
.space | as a creative space | — | Radix Registry | Unknown | Yes |
.spreadbetting | Spread betting | DOTSPREADBETTING REGISTRY LTD[8] | |||
.spot | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8] | ||||
.sport | sport institutions | Global Association of International Sports Federations (GAISF) | |||
.storage | Self storage | Self Storage Company LLC[8] | |||
.store | stores | — | Radix Registry | Yes | Yes |
.stream | streaming media | Global Registry Services Ltd[7] | |||
.studio | Advertising/Marketing/PR/Design agencies, creative freelancers, other creative agencies (i.e., animation, production), dance, yoga, or fitness studios | — | Donuts Inc[n 1] | Yes | Yes |
.study | education | OPEN UNIVERSITIES AUSTRALIA PTY LTD[8] | |||
.style | Fashion bloggers, department stores, designers, online retailers | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.sucks | gripe sites | — | Vox Populi | Unknown | Yes |
.supplies | Contractors, distribution companies, appliance wholesalers & service, auto/boat/heavy equipment businesses, home services retailers | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 120] | Yes | Yes |
.supply | Contractors, distribution companies, appliance wholesalers & service, auto/boat/heavy equipment businesses | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 121] | Yes | Yes |
.support | IT/Tech support services, social services, customer service & support departments, independent consultants & consulting firms, staffing services | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 122] | Yes[70] | Yes |
.surf | surfing | — | Minds + Machines[n 3] | Unknown | Yes |
.surgery | Surgeons, primary/secondary care physicians, hospitals & clinics, healthcare providers, insurance providers | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 123] | Yes | Yes |
.systems | IT businesses, other tech-focused businesses, businesses that sell electronics or home security systems, organizational consultants | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 124] | Yes | Yes |
T [edit]
Name | Target market | Restrictions | Operator/Registry | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.talk | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8] | ||||
.tattoo | tattoo aficionados | — | Uniregistry | Yes[15] | Yes |
.tax | Accounting & bookkeeping firms, tax advisors, auditors, financial experts & advisors | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.taxi | Airline & travel-related products or services, city guides & tourist attractions, transportation businesses, hotels, hostels, B&Bs, lodging, tourist attractions | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.team | Professional & amateur sports teams, sports equipment suppliers & manufacturers, sports media, athletes & fans, clubs, online communities & business organizations | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.tech | technology | — | Radix Registry | Yes | Yes |
.technology | Tech-focused businesses & tech startups, businesses that sell to tech companies, developers, coders, programmers, computer retailers, technology blogs, news sites, & review sites, hardware & software companies, R&D companies, tech product manufacturers | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.tel | internet communication services | A contact directory housing all types of contact information directly in the Domain Name System. | Yes[71] | Yes | |
.tennis | Tennis courts, clubs & other venues, tennis equipment suppliers and retailers, professional & amateur tennis players, sports media | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.theater | Entertainment & movie theater outlets, live performance theaters, professional performer associations, movie review sites, travel sites & city guides | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.theatre | theatre | XYZ.COM LLC[8] | |||
.tickets | ticket resale | Accent Media Limited[8] | |||
.tips | Travel, hotel & hospitality companies, cooking & recipe publications, parenting & and relationship publications, manufacturers of any product with assembly instructions, publications that provide advice on gratuity practices around the world | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.tires | Tire wholesalers, tire retailers, auto repair shops | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.today | News & current event sites, websites that publish daily content, daily inspiration sites, sites with daily rotating deals or offers, anyone who wants to spur immediate action | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.tools | Tool shops, tool departments within home supply stores, contractors, subcontractors, construction-related businesses | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.top | general | — | Jiangsu Bangning | Unknown | Yes |
.tours | Airline-related products or services, travel agencies, resources & services, tourist attractions, outdoor adventure companies, private plane/helicopter tours & services | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.town | Travel agencies, resources & services, local business associations, city guides & resource sites, transportation businesses, hotels, hostels, B&Bs, lodging | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.toys | Toy stores, online retailers, department stores, game companies, sporting goods companies | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.trade | businesses | — | Global Registry Services Ltd[7] | Yes | Yes |
.trading | DOTTRADING REGISTRY LTD[8] | ||||
.training | Personal trainers & nutrition coaches, gyms and fitness centers, sports medicine practitioners, business that sell sports gear or apparel, or fan merchandise, animal trainers, career or vocational training centers | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.travel | Airline-related products or services, travel agencies, resources, bloggers & services, city guides & tourist attractions, transportation businesses, destination resorts, hotels, hostels, B&Bs, lodging, any other travel or transportation business | Must be verified as a legitimate travel-related entity. | No | Yes | |
.travelersinsurance | Reserved for Travelers Insurance | Travelers TLD, LLC[8] | |||
.trust | Artemis Internet Inc[8] | ||||
.tube | Latin American Telecom LLC[8] | ||||
.tunes | Reserved for Amazon Music | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8] |
U [edit]
Name | Target market | Restrictions | Operator/Registry | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.uconnect | Not assigned[8] [72] | ||||
.university | Online universities, brick-and-mortar universities, university-related clubs & organizations | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.uno | general, Spanish and Italian speakers, Uno (card game) |
V [edit]
Name | Target market | Restrictions | Operator/Registry | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.vacations | Airline-related products or services, travel agencies, resources, bloggers & services, city guides & tourist attractions, transportation businesses, destination resorts, hotels, hostels, B&Bs, lodging | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.ventures | Venture capital investment firms, business financial services, business consultants, programs & services for entrepreneurs | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.vet | Veterinarians, veterinary clinics and hospitals, wholesale suppliers for veterinary supplies | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.video | Video production & media companies, videographers, video editors, script writers, & producers, streaming video sites services, creative agencies | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.villas | International real estate brokers/agents, international travel agencies, resources & services, travel writers & bloggers, traditional "classified" sites | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.vin | Wineries, wine shops & wine bars, wine distributors, wine clubs & online retailers, wine review sites and apps | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.vip | Very important persons | Minds + Machines Group Limited[8] | |||
.vision | Opticians & optometry clinics, healthcare providers, insurance provider, glasses retailers, online and brick & mortar | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.vodka | vodka-related businesses and interest | — | Yes | Yes | |
.volvo | Only Volvo Holding Sverige Aktiebolag and its Affiliates are eligible to register a Domain Name under the .volvo Domain [73] | AB Volvo | Unknown | Yes | |
.vote | democratic elections and campaign websites | Must use the domain in connection with a "clearly identified political/democratic process."[74] | Afilias | Unknown | Yes |
.voting | polling sites | — | Latin and Cyrillic scripts[9] | Yes | |
.voyage | Airline-related products or services, travel agencies, resources, bloggers & services, city guides & tourist attractions, transportation businesses, hotels, hostels, B&Bs, lodging | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
W [edit]
Name | Target market | Restrictions | Operator/Registry | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.wang | general Wǎng is a Chinese Mandarin pinyin rendering of 网 (traditional 網) meaning "web" or "portal".[75] Wang is also a common surname in mainland China. | — | Zodiac Registry | Yes[76] | Yes |
.watch | Watchmakers, jewelry stores, watch repair shops, neighborhood watch groups | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.watches | watches | Richemont DNS Inc.[8] | |||
.weather | Reserved for The Weather Channel | International Business Machines Corporation[8] | |||
.webcam | web cam shows and video sharing | — | Global Registry Services Ltd[7] | Yes | Yes |
.website | general | — | Radix Registry | Unknown | Yes |
.wed | engaged couples and wedding-oriented businesses | This TLD is intended primarily for engaged couples on a short-term basis (two years with large third-year renewal fees for second-level domains).[77] And although the registry is advertising for multiple world languages, all domains appear to need to be in Latin script.[78] | No | Yes | |
.wedding | wedding-oriented businesses | — | Minds + Machines[n 3] | Yes | Yes |
.whoswho | Who's Who (general) | An open TLD, any person or entity is permitted to register. Conceived for those cited in one of the Who's Who reference titles published around the world, the registry was opened for use by private individuals, and for-profit and nonprofit entities, including those with social media aspirations. Registry policies allow for rapid takedown of non-compliant domains, for violations including imposturous registration of another's names, and proscribed uses, including pornography or adult services/applications. | Who's Who Registry | Yes | Yes |
.wiki | wikis | "An open TLD for anyone interested in community resource creation" | Top Level Design | Yes | Yes |
.win | games, Microsoft Windows | — | Global Registry Services Ltd[7] | Unknown | Yes |
.wine | Wineries, wine bars, wine shops, wine distributors, wine clubs & online retailers, wine review sites | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.winners | Reserved for TJX Companies | The TJX Companies, Inc.[8] | |||
.work | general | — | Minds + Machines[n 3] | Yes | Yes |
.works | Contractors, distribution companies, appliance wholesalers & service, auto/boat/heavy equipment businesses, companies with solution based products or services | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.world | Brands with an international presence, nonprofits and charities, travel agencies & adventure companies, world travelers & global communities, any business with "world" in its name | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.wow | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8] | ||||
.wtf | Bargain websites, photo & video aggregators, meme sites, news of the weird | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
X [edit]
Name | Target market | Restrictions | Operator/Registry | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.xxx | adult entertainment (pornography) | For sites providing sexually explicit content, such as pornography. | Uniregistry | Yes | Yes |
.xyz | general | — | XYZ.com | Yes[79] | Yes |
Y [edit]
Name | Target market | Restrictions | Operator/Registry | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.yachts | yachts | DERYachts, LLC | [8] | ||
.yoga | yoga | — | Minds + Machines[n 3] | Yes | Yes |
.you | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8] | ||||
.youtube | Reserved for YouTube | Google, LLC |
Z [edit]
Name | Target market | Restrictions | Operator/Registry | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.zero | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8] | ||||
.zip | digital storage information, providers, and related entities | Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[8] | |||
.zone | Sports fans, technology groups & followers, entertainment, fairs, destinations with a "zone", city planners & zoning regulators, any topic with a following | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
Chinese [edit]
Name | Chinese term | Translation | Restrictions | Operator | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.ren | 人 rén | "people/person" in Mandarin pinyin | Restricted TLD[80] | (Cancelled)[81] | Unknown | Yes |
.shouji | 手机 shŏujī | mobile phone | QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD. | |||
.tushu | 图书 túshū | books | Amazon Registry Services, Inc. | |||
.wanggou | 网购 wǎnggòu | online shopping | Amazon Registry Services, Inc. | |||
微博 wēibó | microblogging | Sina Corporation | ||||
.xihuan | 喜欢 xǐhuān | like | QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD. | |||
.xin | 信 xìn | credit; honest | Alibaba Group |
French [edit]
Name | Translation | Restrictions | Operator | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.arte | Association Relative à la Télévision Européenne G.E.I.E. | [8] | |||
.clinique | "hospital" | The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. | [8] | ||
.luxe | "luxury" | — | Minds + Machines[n 3] | Unknown | Yes |
.maison | "house" | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 125] | Yes | Yes |
.moi | "me" | Amazon Registry Services, Inc. | [8] | ||
.rsvp | Invitations and replies | — | Google[n 2] | Unknown | Yes |
.sarl | Société à responsabilité limitée, Francophone Limited liability company | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 126] | Yes | Yes |
German [edit]
Name | Translation | Restrictions | Operator | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.epost | Deutsche Post AG | ||||
.gmbh | GmbH | Upon request, you will be required to demonstrate current or pending designation as a GmbH company whose existence can be validated with the respective public authorities in Austria, Germany, Liechtenstein or Switzerland. | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.haus | "house" | — | Donuts Inc[n 1] | Yes | Yes |
.immobilien | "real estate" | — | Donuts Inc[n 1] | Yes[9] | Yes |
.jetzt | "now" | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.kaufen | "buy" | — | Donuts Inc[n 1] | Yes[9] | Yes |
.kinder | "children" | restricted .brand TLD | Ferrero Trading Lux S.A. | ||
.reise | "travel" | Must be an eligible member of the travel business community; also, domain must be used for travel-related purposes.[82] | Donuts Inc | Yes[9] | Yes |
.reisen | "traveling" | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 127] | Yes[9] | Yes |
.schule | "school" | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 128] | Yes | Yes |
.versicherung | "insurance" | — | Latin script[9] | Yes |
Hindi [edit]
Name | Translation | Restrictions | Operator | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.desi | देसी, Hindi for the peoples and cultures of South Asia See also Desi | — | Desi Networks | Unknown | Yes |
.shiksha | शिक्षा, Marathi and Hindi for "education". | — | Afilias | Unknown | Yes |
Italian [edit]
Name | Translation | Restrictions | Operator | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.casa | "house" | — | Minds + Machines[n 3] | Yes | Yes |
.immo | French, German,[83] and Italian abbreviation for "real estate" | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 129] | Yes | Yes |
.moda | "fashion" | — | Donuts Inc[n 1] | Yes[9] | Yes |
.voto | "vote", for election and campaign websites | Must use the domain in connection with a "clearly identified political/democratic process."[84] Initially only available to registrations in the United States.[85] | Afilias | Unknown | Yes |
Portuguese [edit]
Name | Translation | Restrictions | Operator | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.bom | good | Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br | |||
.passagens | ticket | Travel Reservations SRL |
Spanish [edit]
Name | Translation | Restrictions | Operator | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.abogado | "lawyer" | To be restricted to licensed lawyers or law firms.[86] | Minds + Machines[n 3] | Unknown | Yes |
.futbol | "Football" (soccer) | — | Donuts Inc[n 1] | Yes | Yes |
.gratis | "free" | — | Donuts Inc[donuts 130] | Yes | Yes |
.hoteles | "hotels" | Travel Reservations SRL | |||
.juegos | "games" | — | Uniregistry | Yes[15] | Yes |
.ltda | companies in South America | Domains are limited to registered LTDAs (like LLCs) in Brazil, Colombia, Chile, and Ecuador.[87] | InterNetX | Unknown | Yes |
.soy | "I am" Also refers to the soybean and its food derivatives | — | Google[n 2] | Latin script, Japanese[88] | Yes |
.tienda | "shop", "store" | — | Donuts Inc | Yes | Yes |
.uno | "one", for websites targeting Spanish speaking consumers | — | Spanish | Yes | |
.viajes | "travel" or "trips" | — | Donuts Inc | Spanish | Yes |
.vuelos | "flights" | Travel Reservations SRL | Yes | Yes |
Internationalized generic top-level domains [edit]
All of these TLDs are internationalized domain names (IDN) and support second-level IDNs.
- Notes: general remarks and intended use
- DNSSEC: presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions
Arabic script [edit]
DNS Name | IDN | Language | Script | Transliteration | English Translation | Notes | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
xn--4gbrim[89] | .موقع | Arabic | Arabic | mawqiʿ | "site" or "location" | Open TLD | Yes |
xn--fhbei[89] | .كوم | Arabic | kwm | com | Owned by: VeriSign Sarl[8] | ||
xn--mgbb9fbpob[89] | .موبايلي | Arabic | mūbāylī | Mobily | Owned by: GreenTech Consultancy Company W.L.L.[8] | ||
xn--mgbi4ecexp[89] | .كاثوليك | Arabic | kāthūlīk | Catholic | Owned by: Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication)[8] | ||
xn--ngbc5azd[89] | .شبكة | Arabic | Arabic | shabaka | "network" | Open TLD | Yes |
xn--ngbe9e0a[89] | .بيتك | Arabic | baytak | your home | Owned by: Kuwait Finance House[8] | ||
xn--mgbab2bd[89] | .بازار | Persian | Arabic | bâzâr | "market", "bazaar" | Open TLD | Yes |
Chinese characters [edit]
DNS Name | IDN | Language | Script | Transliteration | English Translation | Notes | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
xn--3ds443g[89] | .在线 | Chinese | Chinese (Simplified) | zàixiàn | "online" | Open TLD. The Chinese Government quickly bought 20,000 internationalized subdomains for localities.[90] | Yes |
xn--fiq228c5hs[89] | .中文网 | Chinese | Chinese (Simplified) | Zhōngwén wǎng | "(written) Chinese (language) network" | Open TLD. The Chinese Government quickly bought 20,000 IDN for localities.[90] | Yes |
xn--ses554g[89] | .网址 | Chinese | Chinese (Simplified) | wǎngzhǐ | "network address" or "website" | Open TLD | Yes |
xn--5tzm5g[89] | .网站 | Chinese | Chinese (Simplified) | wǎngzhàn | "website" | Open TLD | Yes |
xn--io0a7i[89] | .网络 | Chinese | Chinese (Simplified) | wǎngluò | "network" | Open TLD | Yes |
xn--55qx5d[89] | .公司 | Chinese | Chinese (Simplified and Traditional) | gōngsī | "business organization" or "company" | Open TLD | Yes |
xn--czru2d[89] | .商城 | Chinese | Chinese (Simplified and Traditional) | shāngchéng | "mall" | Open TLD | Yes |
xn--nqv7f[89] | .机构 | Chinese | Chinese (Simplified) | jīgòu | "agency" | Open TLD | Yes |
xn--6qq986b3xl[89] | .我爱你 | Chinese | Chinese (Simplified) | wǒ ài nǐ | "I love you" | Open TLD | Yes |
xn--czr694b[89] | .商标 | Chinese | Chinese (Simplified) | shāngbiāo | "trademark" | Open TLD | Yes |
xn--rhqv96g[89] | .世界 | Chinese | Chinese (Simplified and Traditional) | shìjiè | "world" | Open TLD | Yes |
xn--3bst00m[89] | .集团 | Chinese | Chinese (Simplified) | jítuán | "conglomerate" | Open TLD | Yes |
xn--30rr7y[89] | .慈善 | Chinese | Chinese (Simplified) | Císhàn | "philanthropy" | Open TLD | Yes |
xn--45q11c[89] | .八卦 | Chinese | Chinese (Simplified) | Bāguà | "gossip" | Open TLD | Yes |
xn--55qw42g[89] | .公益 | Chinese | Chinese (Simplified) | Gōngyì | "philanthropy" | Open TLD | Yes |
Cyrillic script [edit]
DNS Name | IDN | Language | Script | Transliteration | English Translation | Notes | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
xn--d1acj3b[89] | .дети | Russian | Cyrillic (Russian) | dyeti | "kids" or "children" | Open TLD | Yes |
xn--80aqecdr1a[89] | .католик | Cyrillic | Katolik | Catholic | Owned by: Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (Pontifical Council for Social Communications)[8] | ||
xn--j1aef[89] | .ком | Russian | Cyrillic (Russian) | kom | com | ||
xn--80asehdb[89] | .онлайн | Russian | Cyrillic (Russian) | onlain | "online" | Open TLD | Yes |
xn--c1avg[89] | .орг | Russian | Cyrillic (Russian) | org | "org" or "organization" | Open TLD | Yes |
xn--80aswg[89] | .сайт | Russian | Cyrillic (Russian) | sait | "site" | Open TLD | Yes |
Japanese characters [edit]
DNS Name | IDN | Language | Script | Transliteration | English Translation | Notes | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
xn--q9jyb4c[89] | .みんな | Japanese | Hiragana | minna | everyone | Open TLD[91] | Yes |
xn--1ck2e1b[89] | .セール | Japanese | Katakana | sēru | sale | Owned by: Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8] | |
xn--bck1b9a5dre4c[89] | .ファッション | Japanese | Katakana | fasshon | fashion | ||
xn--cck2b3b[89] | .ストア | Japanese | Katakana | sutoa | store | ||
xn--eckvdtc9d[89] | .ポイント | Japanese | Katakana | pointo | point | ||
xn--gckr3f0f[89] | .クラウド | Japanese | Katakana | kuraudo | cloud | ||
xn--tckwe[89] | .コム | Japanese | Katakana | komu | com | Owned by: VeriSign Sarl[8] |
Other script [edit]
DNS Name | IDN | Language | Script | Transliteration | English Translation | Notes | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
xn--i1b6b1a6a2e[89] | .संगठन | Marathi, Hindi | Devanagari | saṅgaṭhana | "organization" | Open TLD | Yes |
xn--11b4c3d[89] | .कॉम | Marathi, Hindi | Devanagari | kom | com | ||
xn--c2br7g[89] | .नेट | Marathi, Hindi | Devanagari | net | net | ||
xn--mk1bu44c[89] | .닷컴 | Korean | Hangul | datkeom / tatk'ŏm | dotcom | ||
xn--t60b56a[89] | .닷넷 | Korean | Hangul | datnet / tatnet | dotnet | ||
xn--9dbq2a[89] | .קום | Hebrew | Hebrew | qwm | "com" | Open TLD | Yes |
xn--42c2d9a[89] | .คอม | Thai | Thai | khom | com |
Geographic top-level domains [edit]
- Name: DNS name
- Entity: Target geographic area
- Notes: general remarks
- IDN: support for internationalized domain names (IDN)
- DNSSEC: presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions
Africa [edit]
Name | Entity | Notes | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|
.africa | Africa | [8] [92] | Yes | |
.capetown | Cape Town, South Africa | [93] | Unknown | Yes |
.durban | Durban, South Africa | [94] | Unknown | Yes |
.joburg | Johannesburg, South Africa | [95] | Unknown | Yes |
Asia [edit]
Name | Entity | Notes | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|
.বাংলা | Bangladesh | This is a TLD for companies, organizations, and individuals based in the region of Bangladesh.[96] | Unknown | Unknown |
.abudhabi | Abu Dhabi | [8] | ||
.arab | League of Arab States | [8] | ||
.asia | Asia-Pacific region | This is a TLD for companies, organizations, and individuals based in the region of Asia, Australia, and the Pacific. | Chinese, Japanese, Korean[9] | Yes |
.bd | Bangladesh | This is a TLD for companies, organizations, and individuals based in the region of Bangladesh.[97] | Unknown | Unknown |
.doha | Doha | [8] | ||
.dubai | Dubai | [8] | ||
.krd | Kurdistan | This is a TLD for companies, organizations, and individuals based in the region of Kurdistan[98] [99] | Kurdish | Yes |
.kyoto | Kyoto, Japan | [100] | ||
.nagoya | Nagoya, Japan | [101] | Japanese[9] | Yes |
.okinawa | Okinawa, Japan | Japanese | Yes | |
.osaka | Osaka, Japan | [8] | ||
.ryukyu | Ryukyu Islands, Japan | [102] | Unknown | Yes |
.taipei | Taipei, Taiwan | Introduced in September 2014[103] | Unknown | Yes |
.tatar | Tatar peoples and places | Tatarstan is a region in Russia, though this TLD is meant for the global Tatar community.[104] | Unknown | Yes |
.tokyo | Tokyo, Japan | [105] | Yes | Yes |
.yokohama | Yokohama, Japan | [106] | Japanese | Yes |
Europe [edit]
Name | Entity | Notes | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|
.alsace | Alsace | [107] | Unknown | Yes |
.bzh | Brittany; Breton language and culture | Breizh in Breton.[108] This is a TLD for Web sites in the Breton language or related to Breton culture | French[9] | Yes |
.corsica | Corsica | TLD Related to Corsican Culture | Unknown | Yes |
.eus | Basque, Spain and France | Euskal Herria in Basque. Web sites must be in the Basque language and are checked periodically.[109] | Unknown | Yes |
.paris | Paris | [110] | French[9] | Yes |
Name | Entity | Notes | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|
.bcn | Barcelona | [8] | ||
.barcelona | Unknown | Yes | ||
.cat | Catalonia; Catalan language and culture | This is a TLD for Web sites in the Catalan language or related to Catalan culture.[111] | Catalan[9] | Yes |
.eus | Basque, Spain and France | Euskal Herria in Basque. Web sites must be in the Basque language and are checked periodically.[109] | Unknown | Yes |
.gal | Galicia | This is a TLD for Web sites in the Galician language or related to Galician culture.[112] | Unknown | Yes |
.madrid | Madrid | [113] | Unknown | Yes |
Name | Entity | Notes | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|
.bayern | Bavaria | [114] | Yes | Yes |
.berlin | Berlin | Must have a connection to Berlin, Germany for example a company based in Berlin or a person from Berlin etc.[115] | Latin and Cyrillic scripts[9] | Yes |
.cologne | Cologne | [116] | Yes | Yes |
.koeln | [117] | Yes | Yes | |
.hamburg | Hamburg | Latin script[9] | Yes | |
.nrw | North Rhine-Westphalia | [118] | Yes | Yes |
.ruhr | Ruhr | [119] | German[9] | Yes |
.saarland | Saarland | [120] | Unknown | Yes |
Name | Entity | Notes | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|
.amsterdam | Amsterdam, Netherlands | [121] | Unknown | Yes |
.bar | Bar, Montenegro | [8] Mostly used for bars and other alcohol facilities worldwide | Unknown | Unknown |
.brussels | Brussels, Belgium | [122] | Latin script[9] | Yes |
.budapest | Budapest, Hungary | [123] | Unknown | Yes |
.cymru | Wales, United Kingdom | [124] | Welsh[9] | Yes |
.wales | [124] | Welsh[9] | Yes | |
.frl | Friesland, Netherlands | Fryslân in (West) Frisian, one of the twelve provinces in the Netherlands.[125] | Unknown | Yes |
.gent | Ghent, Belgium | [126] | Unknown | Yes |
.helsinki | Helsinki, Finland | Unknown | Unknown | |
.irish | Ireland; global Irish community | Unknown | Yes | |
.ist | İstanbul, Turkey | Unknown | Unknown | |
.istanbul | Unknown | Unknown | ||
.london | London, United Kingdom | [127] | Yes | Yes |
.moscow [ru] | Moscow, Russia | [128] | Yes | Yes |
.scot | Scotland, United Kingdom | [129] | Unknown | Yes |
.stockholm | Stockholm, Sweden | [8] | Yes[130] | |
.swiss | Switzerland | [8] | Yes[131] | Yes |
.tirol | Tyrol, Austria | [132] | Yes[9] | Yes |
.vlaanderen | Flanders, Belgium | [133] | Latin script[9] | Yes |
.wien | Vienna, Austria | [134] | Latin script[9] | Yes |
.zuerich | Zurich, Switzerland | [135] | Unknown | Yes |
North America [edit]
Name | Entity | Notes | IDN | DNSSEC | Alternatives |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.boston | Boston, Massachusetts | [8] | .boston.ma.us | ||
.miami | Miami, Florida | [136] | Unknown | Yes | |
.nyc | New York City, New York | [137] | Spanish[9] | Yes | .new-york.ny.us |
.quebec | Quebec, Canada | [138] | Unknown | Yes | .qc.ca |
.vegas | Las Vegas, Nevada | [139] | Yes | Yes | .las-vegas.nv.us |
Oceania [edit]
Name | Entity | Notes | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|
.kiwi | New Zealanders | [140] | Latin script[9] | Yes |
.melbourne | Melbourne, Australia | [141] | Unknown | Yes |
.sydney | Sydney, Australia | [142] | Unknown | Yes |
South America [edit]
Name | Entity | Notes | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|
.lat | Latin America | [143] | Spanish[144] | Yes |
.rio | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | [145] | Unknown | Yes |
Internationalized geographic top-level domains [edit]
DNS name | Display name | Entity | Language | Script | Transliteration | Notes | Other TLD | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
xn--1qqw23a[89] | .佛山 | Foshan, China | Chinese | Chinese (Simplified) | fat6 saan1 | [146] | Yes | Yes | |
xn--xhq521b[89] | .广东 | Guangdong, China | Chinese | Chinese (Simplified) | gwong2 dung1 | [8] | |||
xn--80adxhks[89] | .москва [ru] | Moscow, Russia | Russian | Cyrillic (Russian) | moskva | [147] | .moscow | Russian[9] | Yes |
xn--p1acf[89] | .рус [ru] | Russia | Russian | Cyrillic (Russian) | rus | [8] | .ru / .рф | ||
xn--mgbca7dzdo[89] | .ابوظبي | Abu Dhabi | Arabic | Arabic | Abū Ẓabī | [8] | .abudhabi | ||
xn--ngbrx[89] | .عرب | Arab | Arabic | Arabic | 'Arab | [8] |
Brand top-level domains [edit]
- Name: DNS name
- Entity: company and/or brand
- Notes: general remarks
- IDN: support for internationalized domain names (IDN)
- DNSSEC: presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions
Name | Entity | Notes | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|
.aaa | American Automobile Association | [8] | ||
.aarp | AARP | [8] | ||
.abarth | Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (Abarth) | [8] | ||
.abb | ABB | [8] | ||
.abbott | Abbott Laboratories | [8] | ||
.abbvie | AbbVie | [8] | ||
.abc | American Broadcasting Company[148] | [8] | ||
.accenture | Accenture | [8] | ||
.aco | ACO Severin Ahlmann GmbH & Co. KG | [8] | ||
.aeg | Aktiebolaget Electrolux | [8] | ||
.aetna | Aetna | [8] | ||
.afl | Australian Football League | [8] | ||
.agakhan | Aga Khan Foundation | [8] | ||
.aig | American International Group | [8] | ||
.aigo | Aigo | [8] | ||
.airbus | Airbus | [8] | ||
.airtel | Bharti Airtel | [8] | ||
.akdn | Aga Khan Foundation | [8] | ||
.alfaromeo | Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (Alfa Romeo) | [8] | ||
.alibaba | Alibaba Group | [8] | ||
.alipay | Alibaba Group | [8] | ||
.allfinanz | Allfinanz Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft | [149] | Unknown | Yes |
.allstate | Allstate | [8] | ||
.ally | Ally Financial | [8] | ||
.alstom | Alstom | [8] | ||
.amazon | Amazon | |||
.americanexpress | American Express | [8] | ||
.amex | American Express | [8] | ||
.amica | Amica Mutual Insurance | [8] | ||
.android | Google (Android) | [150] | Unknown | Yes |
.anz | Australia and New Zealand Banking Group | [8] | ||
.aol | AOL | [8] | ||
.apple | Apple | [8] | ||
.aquarelle | Aquarelle.com Group | [151] | Unknown | Yes |
.aramco | Aramco | [8] | ||
.audi | Audi | [8] | ||
.auspost | Australia Post | [8] | ||
.aws | Amazon Web Services | [8] | ||
.axa | Axa | [152] | Yes[9] | Yes |
.azure | Microsoft | [8] | ||
.baidu | Baidu | [8] | ||
.bananarepublic | Gap (Banana Republic) | [8] | ||
.barclaycard | Barclays | [153] | Unknown | Yes |
.barclays | Barclays | [153] | Unknown | Yes |
.basketball | FIBA | [154] | ||
.bauhaus | Werkhaus GmbH | [8] | ||
.bbc | BBC | [8] | ||
.bbt | BB&T | [8] | ||
.bbva | Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria | [8] | ||
.bcg | Boston Consulting Group | [8] | ||
.bentley | Bentley | [8] | ||
.bharti | Bharti Enterprises | [8] | ||
.bing | Microsoft (Bing) | [8] | ||
.blanco | BLANCO GmbH + Co KG | [8] | ||
.bloomberg | Bloomberg | [155] | Unknown | Yes |
.bms | Bristol-Myers Squibb | [8] | ||
.bmw | BMW | [156] | No | Yes |
.bnl | Banca Nazionale del Lavoro | [157] | Unknown | Yes |
.bnpparibas | BNP Paribas | [158] | Unknown | Yes |
.boehringer | Boehringer Ingelheim | [8] | ||
.bond | Bond University[8] | Later became a gTLD on 26 November 2019 | ||
.booking | Booking.com | [8] | ||
.bosch | Robert Bosch GmbH | [8] | ||
.bostik | Bostik | [8] | ||
.bradesco | Bradesco | [159] | Unknown | Yes |
.bridgestone | Bridgestone | [8] | ||
.brother | Brother Industries | [8] | ||
.bugatti | Bugatti | [8] | ||
.cal | Google (Google Calendar) | [160] | Unknown | Yes |
.calvinklein | PVH | [8] | ||
.canon | Canon | [8] | ||
.capitalone | Capital One | [8] | ||
.caravan | Caravan International | [161] | Unknown | Yes |
.cartier | Richemont DNS | [8] | ||
.cba | Commonwealth Bank | [8] | ||
.cbn | Christian Broadcasting Network | [8] | ||
.cbre | CBRE Group | [8] | ||
.cbs | CBS | [8] | ||
.cern | CERN | [162] | Unknown | Yes |
.cfa | CFA Institute | [8] | ||
.chanel | Chanel | [8] | ||
.chase | Chase Bank | [8] | ||
.chintai | Chintai Corporation | [8] | ||
.chrome | Google (Google Chrome) | [163] | Unknown | Yes |
.chrysler | Chrysler | [8] | ||
.cipriani | Hotel Cipriani Srl | [8] | ||
.cisco | Cisco Systems | [8] | ||
.citadel | Citadel Domain | [8] | ||
.citi | Citigroup | [8] | ||
.citic | CITIC Group | [164] | No | Yes |
.clubmed | Club Med | [8] | ||
.comcast | Comcast | [8] | ||
.commbank | Commonwealth Bank | [8] | ||
.creditunion | CUNA Performance Resources | [8] | ||
.crown | Crown Equipment Corporation | [8] | ||
.crs | Federated Co-operatives (Co-Operative Retailing System) | [165] | Unknown | Yes |
.csc | DXC Technology | |||
.cuisinella | Société Alsacienne de Meubles (Cuisinella) | [166] | Unknown | Yes |
.dabur | Dabur | [8] | ||
.datsun | Nissan (Datsun) | [8] | ||
.dealer | Dealer Dot Com | [8] | ||
.dell | Dell | [8] | ||
.deloitte | Deloitte | [8] | ||
.delta | Delta Air Lines | [8] | ||
.dhl | Deutsche Post | [8] | ||
.discover | Discover Financial Services | [8] | ||
.dish | Dish Network | [8] | ||
.dnp | Dai Nippon Printing | [167] | Unknown | Yes |
.dodge | Chrysler (Dodge) | [8] | ||
.dunlop | Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company (Dunlop Tyres) | [8] | ||
.dupont | DuPont | [8] | ||
.dvag | Deutsche Vermögensberatung | [168] | Unknown | Yes |
.edeka | Edeka | [169] | Unknown | Yes |
.emerck | Merck Group | [170] | Unknown | Yes |
.epson | Seiko Epson | [8] | ||
.ericsson | Ericsson | [8] | ||
.erni | ERNI Group Holding AG | [8] | ||
.esurance | Esurance | [8] | ||
.etisalat | Etisalat | [8] | ||
.eurovision | European Broadcasting Union (Eurovision) | [8] | ||
.everbank | EverBank | [171] | Unknown | Yes |
.extraspace | Extra Space Storage | [8] | ||
.fage | Fage | [8] | ||
.fairwinds | FairWinds Partners | [8] | ||
.farmers | Farmers Insurance Exchange | [8] | ||
.fedex | FedEx | [8] | ||
.ferrari | Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (Ferrari) | [8] | ||
.ferrero | Ferrero | [8] | ||
.fiat | Fiat Chrysler Automobiles | [8] | ||
.fidelity | Fidelity Investments | [8] | ||
.firestone | Bridgestone | [8] | ||
.firmdale | Firmdale Holdings | [172] | Unknown | Yes |
.flickr | Yahoo! (Flickr) | [8] | ||
.flir | FLIR Systems | [8] | ||
.flsmidth | FLSmidth | [173] | Unknown | Yes |
.ford | Ford Motor Company | [8] | ||
.fox | Fox Broadcasting Company | [8] | ||
.fresenius | Fresenius Immobilien-Verwaltungs-GmbH | [8] | ||
.forex | Dotforex Registry Ltd | [8] | ||
.frogans | OP3FT | Solely for use by the Frogans technology[174] | Yes[9] | Yes |
.frontier | Frontier Communications | [8] | ||
.fujitsu | Fujitsu | [8] | ||
.fujixerox | Fuji Xerox | [8] | ||
.gallo | E & J Gallo Winery | [8] | ||
.gallup | Gallup | [8] | ||
.gap | Gap | [8] | ||
.gbiz | [175] | Unknown | Yes | |
.gea | GEA Group | [8] | ||
.genting | Genting Group | [8] | ||
.giving | Giving Limited | [8] | ||
.gle | [176] | Unknown | Yes | |
.globo | Grupo Globo | [177] | No | Yes |
.gmail | Google (Gmail) | [178] | Unknown | Yes |
.gmo | GMO Internet | [179] | Unknown | Yes |
.gmx | 1&1 Mail & Media (GMX, Global Message Exchange) | [180] | Unknown | Yes |
.godaddy | Go Daddy | [8] | ||
.goldpoint | Yodobashi Camera | [8] | ||
.goodyear | Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company | [8] | ||
.goog | [181] | Unknown | Yes | |
[182] | Unknown | Yes | ||
.grainger | Grainger Registry Services, LLC | [8] | ||
.guardian | Guardian Life Insurance Company of America | [8] | ||
.gucci | Gucci | [8] | ||
.hbo | HBO | [8] | ||
.hdfc | Housing Development Finance Corporation | [8] | ||
.hdfcbank | HDFC Bank | [8] | ||
.hermes | Hermès | [8] | ||
.hisamitsu | Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical | [8] | ||
.hitachi | Hitachi | [8] | ||
.hkt | Hong Kong Telecom | [8] | ||
.honda | Honda Motor Company | [8] | ||
.honeywell | Honeywell | [8] | ||
.hotmail | Microsoft (Hotmail) | [8] | ||
.hsbc | HSBC | [183] | Unknown | Yes |
.hughes | Hughes Network Systems | [8] | ||
.hyatt | Hyatt | [8] | ||
.hyundai | Hyundai Motor Company | [8] | ||
.ibm | IBM | [184] | Unknown | Yes |
.ieee | Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers | [8] | ||
.ifm | ifm electronic gmbh | [8] | ||
.ikano | Ikano | [8] | ||
.imdb | Amazon (IMDb) | [8] | ||
.infiniti | Nissan (Infiniti) | [8] | ||
.intel | Intel | [8] | ||
.intuit | Intuit | [8] | ||
.ipiranga | Ipiranga | [8] | ||
.iselect | iSelect | [8] | ||
.itau | Itaú Unibanco | [8] | ||
.itv | ITV | [8] | ||
.iveco | CNH Industrial (Iveco) | [8] | ||
.jaguar | Jaguar Land Rover | [8] | ||
.java | Oracle Corporation (Java) | [8] | ||
.jcb | JCB | [8] | ||
.jcp | JCP Media | [8] | ||
.jeep | Chrysler (Jeep) | [8] | ||
.jpmorgan | JPMorgan Chase | [8] | ||
.juniper | Juniper Networks | [8] | ||
.kddi | KDDI | [8] | ||
.kerryhotels | Kerry Trading Co. Limited | [8] | ||
.kerrylogistics | Kerry Trading Co. Limited | [8] | ||
.kerryproperties | Kerry Trading Co. Limited | [8] | ||
.kfh | Kuwait Finance House | [8] | ||
.kia | Kia Motors Corporation | [8] | ||
.kinder | Ferrero (Kinder Surprise) | [8] | ||
.kindle | Amazon (Amazon Kindle) | [8] | ||
.komatsu | Komatsu | [8] | ||
.kpmg | KPMG | [8] | ||
.kred | KredTLD | [185] | Unknown | Yes |
.kuokgroup | Kerry Trading Co. Limited | [8] | ||
.lacaixa | Caixa d'Estalvis i Pensions de Barcelona | [186] | Unknown | Yes |
.ladbrokes | Ladbrokes | [8] | ||
.lamborghini | Lamborghini | [8] | ||
.lancaster | Lancaster | [8] | ||
.lancia | Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (Lancia) | [8] | ||
.lancome | L'Oréal | [8] | ||
.landrover | Jaguar Land Rover | [8] | ||
.lanxess | Lanxess | [8] | ||
.lasalle | JLL | [8] | ||
.latrobe | La Trobe University | [187] | Unknown | Yes |
.lds | The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church)[188] | [189] | Unknown | Yes |
.leclerc | E.Leclerc | [190] | ||
.lego | Lego Group | [8] | ||
.liaison | Liaison Technologies | [8] | ||
.lexus | Toyota (Lexus) | [8] | ||
.lidl | Lidl | [8] | ||
.lifestyle | Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. | [8] | ||
.lilly | Eli Lilly & Company | [8] | ||
.lincoln | Ford (Lincoln) | [8] | ||
.linde | Linde | [8] | ||
.lipsy | Lipsy Ltd | [8] | ||
.lixil | Lixil Group | [8] | ||
.locus | Locus Analytics | [8] | ||
.lotte | Lotte Holdings | [8] | ||
.lpl | LPL Financial | [8] | ||
.lplfinancial | LPL Financial | [8] | ||
.lundbeck | Lundbeck | [8] | ||
.lupin | Lupin Limited | [8] | ||
.macys | Macy's | [8] | ||
.maif | Mutuelle Assurance Instituteur France (MAIF) | [8] | ||
.man | MAN | [8] | ||
.mango | Mango | [191] | Latin script[9] | Yes |
.marriott | Marriott International | [8] | ||
.maserati | Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (Maserati) | [8] | ||
.mattel | Mattel | [8] | ||
.mckinsey | McKinsey & Company | [8] | ||
.metlife | MetLife | [8] | ||
.microsoft | Microsoft | [8] | ||
.mini | BMW (Mini) | [192] | No | Yes |
.mit | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | [8] | ||
.mitsubishi | Mitsubishi Corporation | [8] | ||
.mlb | MLB Advanced Media | [8] | ||
.mma | MMA IARD | [8] | ||
.monash | Monash University | [193] [194] | No | Yes |
.mormon | The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church)[188] | [195] | Unknown | Yes |
.moto | Motorola | [8] | ||
.movistar | Telefónica (Movistar) | [8] | ||
.msd | MSD Registry Holdings, Inc. | [8] | ||
.mtn | MTN | [8] | ||
.mtr | MTR Corporation | [8] | ||
.mutual | Northwestern Mutual | [8] | ||
.nadex | Nadex | [8] | ||
.nationwide | Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company | [8] | ||
.natura | Natura & Co | [8] | ||
.nba | National Basketball Association | [8] | ||
.nec | NEC | [8] | ||
.netflix | Netflix | [8] | ||
.neustar | Neustar | [196] | No | Yes |
.newholland | CNH Industrial (New Holland Agriculture, New Holland Construction) | [8] | ||
.nexus | Google (Google Nexus) | [197] | Unknown | Yes |
.nfl | National Football League | [8] | ||
.nhk | NHK | [198] | Unknown | Yes |
.nico | Dwango (Niconico) | [199] | Unknown | Yes |
.nike | Nike | [8] | ||
.nikon | Nikon | [8] | ||
.nissan | Nissan | [8] | ||
.nissay | Nippon Life | [8] | ||
.nokia | Nokia | [8] | ||
.northwesternmutual | Northwestern Mutual | [8] | ||
.norton | NortonLifeLock | [8] | ||
.nra | National Rifle Association | [200] | Unknown | Yes |
.ntt | Nippon Telegraph & Telephone | [8] | ||
.obi | OBI Group Holding SE & Co. KGaA | [8] | ||
.office | Microsoft (Microsoft Office) | [8] | ||
.omega | Swatch Group (Omega) | [8] | ||
.oracle | Oracle Corporation | [8] | ||
.orange | Orange | [8] | ||
.otsuka | Otsuka Pharmaceutical | [201] | Unknown | Yes |
.ovh | OVH | [202] | French[9] | Yes |
.panasonic | Panasonic | [8] | ||
.pccw | PCCW | [8] | ||
.pfizer | Pfizer | [8] | ||
.philips | Philips | [8] | ||
.piaget | Piaget | [203] | Unknown | Yes |
.pictet | Pictet | [8] | ||
.ping | Ping | [8] | ||
.pioneer | Pioneer Corporation | [8] | ||
.play | Google (Google Play) | [8] | ||
.playstation | Sony (PlayStation) | [8] | ||
.pohl | Deutsche Vermögensberatung (founder Reinfried Pohl) | [204] | Unknown | Yes |
.politie | Politie Nederland | [8] | ||
.praxi | Praxi | [205] | Unknown | Yes |
.prod | Google (products) | [206] | Unknown | Yes |
.progressive | Progressive Corporation | [8] | ||
.pru | Prudential Financial | [8] | ||
.prudential | Prudential Financial | [8] | ||
.pwc | PwC | [207] | Unknown | Yes |
.quest | Quest Software | [8] | ||
.qvc | QVC | [8] | ||
.redstone | Redstone Haute Couture Co | [8] | ||
.reliance | Reliance Industries | [8] | ||
.rexroth | Robert Bosch GmbH | [8] | ||
.ricoh | Ricoh | [8] | ||
.rmit | Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology | [8] | ||
.rocher | Ferrero (Ferrero Rocher) | [8] | ||
.rogers | Rogers Communications | [8] | ||
.rwe | RWE | [8] | ||
.safety | Safety Registry Services, LLC. | [8] | ||
.sakura | SAKURA Internet Inc. | [8] | ||
.samsung | Samsung SDS | [8] | ||
.sandvik | Sandvik | [8] | ||
.sandvikcoromant | Sandvik Coromant | [208] | Unknown | Unknown |
.sanofi | Sanofi | [8] | ||
.sap | SAP | [209] | ||
.saxo | Saxo Bank | [8] | ||
.sbi | State Bank of India | [8] | ||
.sbs | Special Broadcasting Service[8] | Later became a gTLD on 15 June 2021 | ||
.sca | Svenska Cellulosa | [210] | Unknown | Yes |
.scb | Siam Commercial Bank | Thai[9] | Yes | |
.schaeffler | Schaeffler Technologies | [8] | ||
.schmidt | Société Alsacienne de Meubles (Cuisines Schmidt) | [211] | Unknown | Yes |
.schwarz | Schwarz Gruppe | [8] | ||
.scjohnson | SC Johnson & Son | [8] | ||
.scor | SCOR | [8] | ||
.seat | SEAT | [8] | ||
.sener | Sener Ingeniería y Sistemas, S.A. | [8] | ||
.ses | SES | [8] | ||
.sew | SEW Eurodrive | [8] | ||
.seven | Seven West Media | [8] | ||
.sfr | SFR | [8] | ||
.seek | Seek | [212] | No | Unknown |
.shangrila | Shangri-La Hotels & Resorts | [8] | ||
.sharp | Sharp Corporation | [8] | ||
.shaw | Shaw Cablesystems G.P. | [8] | ||
.shell | Shell | [8] | ||
.shriram | Shriram Capital | [8] | ||
.sina | Sina Corp | [8] | ||
.sky | Sky Group | [8] | ||
.skype | Microsoft (Skype) | [8] | ||
.smart | Smart Communications | [8] | ||
.sncf | SNCF | [8] | ||
.softbank | SoftBank | [8] | ||
.sohu | Sohu | [213] | Unknown | Yes |
.sony | Sony | [8] | ||
.spiegel | Der Spiegel | [214] | Unknown | Yes |
.stada | Stada Arzneimittel | [8] | ||
.staples | Staples | [8] | ||
.star | Star India | [8] | ||
.starhub | StarHub | [8] | ||
.statebank | State Bank of India | [8] | ||
.statefarm | State Farm | [8] | ||
.statoil | Statoil | [8] | ||
.stc | Saudi Telecom Company | [8] | ||
.stcgroup | Saudi Telecom Company | [8] | ||
.suzuki | Suzuki | [215] | Unknown | Yes |
.swatch | Swatch Group | [8] | ||
.swiftcover | Swiftcover | [8] | ||
.symantec | NortonLifeLock | [8] | ||
.taobao | Alibaba Group (Taobao) | [8] | ||
.target | Target | [8] | ||
.tatamotors | Tata Motors | [8] | ||
.tdk | TDK | [8] | ||
.telecity | TelecityGroup | [8] | ||
.telefonica | Telefónica | [8] | ||
.temasek | Temasek Holdings | [8] | ||
.teva | Teva Pharmaceuticals | [8] | ||
.tiffany | Tiffany & Co | [8] | ||
.tjx | TJX Companies | [8] | ||
.toray | Toray Industries | [8] | ||
.toshiba | Toshiba | [8] | ||
.total | Total | [8] | ||
.toyota | Toyota | [8] | ||
.travelchannel | Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. (Travel Channel) | [8] | ||
.travelers | Travelers TLD, LLC (The Travelers Companies) | [8] | ||
.tui | TUI | [216] | Unknown | Yes |
.tvs | T V Sundram Iyengar & Sons Private Limited | [8] | ||
.ubs | UBS | [8] | ||
.unicom | China Unicom | [8] | ||
.uol | Universo Online | Delegated to UOL subsidiary UBN Internet.[217] | Unknown | Yes |
.ups | United Parcel Service | [8] | ||
.vanguard | Vanguard Group | [8] | ||
.verisign | VeriSign | [8] | ||
.vig | Vienna Insurance Group | [8] | ||
.viking | Viking River Cruises | [8] | ||
.virgin | Virgin Group | [8] | ||
.visa | Visa | [8] | ||
.vista | Vistaprint | [8] | ||
.vistaprint | Vistaprint | [8] | ||
.vivo | Telefónica Brasil | [8] | ||
.volkswagen | Volkswagen Group of America | [8] | ||
.volvo | Volvo | [8] | ||
.walmart | Walmart | [8] | ||
.walter | Sandvik | [8] | ||
.weatherchannel | IBM (The Weather Company) | [8] | ||
.weber | Saint-Gobain | [8] | ||
.weir | Weir Group | [8] | ||
.williamhill | William Hill | [218] | Unknown | Yes |
.windows | Microsoft (Microsoft Windows) | [8] | ||
.wme | Endeavor | [219] | Unknown | Yes |
.wolterskluwer | Wolters Kluwer | [8] | ||
.woodside | Woodside Petroleum | [8] | ||
.wtc | World Trade Centers Association | [220] | Unknown | Yes |
.xbox | Microsoft | [8] | ||
.xerox | Fuji Xerox | [8] | ||
.xfinity | Comcast | [8] | ||
.yahoo | Yahoo! | [8] | ||
.yamaxun | Amazon (Amazon China) | [8] | ||
.yandex | Yandex | [221] | Unknown | Yes |
.yodobashi | Yodobashi Camera | [8] | ||
.youtube | Google (YouTube) | [222] | Unknown | Yes |
.zappos | Amazon (Zappos) | [8] | ||
.zara | Inditex (Zara) | [8] | ||
.zippo | Zippo | [8] |
Internationalized brand top-level domains [edit]
DNS name | IDN TLD | Entity | Script | Transliteration | Comments | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
xn--mgba3a3ejt | .ارامكو | Aramco Services Company | Arabic | [8] | ||
xn--mgbaakc7dvf | .اتصالات | Emirates Telecommunications Corporation (trading as Etisalat) | Arabic | [8] | ||
xn--8y0a063a | .联通 | China United Network Communications Corporation Limited | Chinese (Simplified) | Liántōng | [8] | |
xn--6frz82g | .移动 | China Mobile Communications Corporation | Chinese (Simplified) | Yídòng | ||
xn--fiq64b | .中信 | CITIC Group | Chinese | zhōngxìn | [223] | Yes |
xn--5su34j936bgsg | .香格里拉 | Shangri‐La International Hotel Management Limited | Chinese | Xiānggélǐlā | [8] | |
xn--b4w605ferd | .淡马锡 | Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited | Chinese (Simplified) | Dànmǎxī | [8] | |
xn--3oq18vl8pn36a | .大众汽车 | Volkswagen (China) Investment Co., Ltd. | Chinese (Simplified) | Dàzhòngqìchē | [8] | |
xn--vermgensberater-ctb | .vermögensberater | Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft | Latin | [224] | Yes | |
xn--vermgensberatung-pwb | .vermögensberatung | Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft | Latin | [225] | Yes | |
xn--qcka1pmc | .グーグル | Katakana | gūguru | [226] | Yes | |
xn--flw351e | .谷歌 | Chinese | gǔgē | [227] | Yes | |
xn--estv75g | .工行 | Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited | Chinese | Gōngháng | [8] | |
xn--w4rs40l | .嘉里 | Kerry Trading Co. Limited | Chinese | Jiālǐ | [8] | |
xn--w4r85el8fhu5dnra | .嘉里大酒店 | Kerry Trading Co. Limited | Chinese | Jiālǐdàjiǔdiàn | [8] | |
xn--kcrx77d1x4a | .飞利浦 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Chinese (Simplified) | Fēilìpǔ | [8] | |
xn--jlq61u9w7b | .诺基亚 | Nokia Corporation | Chinese (Simplified) | Nuòjīyà | [8] | |
xn--fzys8d69uvgm | .電訊盈科 | PCCW Enterprises Limited | Chinese (Traditional) | din6 soen3 jing4 fo1 | [8] | |
xn--cg4bki | .삼성 | Samsung | Hangul | samseong | [228] | Yes |
Special-Use Domains [edit]
ICANN/IANA has created some Special-Use domain names which are meant for special technical purposes. ICANN/IANA owns all of the Special-Use domain names.[229]
Name | Entity | Notes | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|
.example | Not installed as a domain name, but usable in text as an example. example.com, example.net and example.org are also reserved for this purpose but are active sites. | Unknown | ||
.invalid | Not installed as a domain name, but usable in testing as a domain which wouldn't work. | Unknown | ||
.local | Local network. Must be used with an mDNS server[230] | Unknown | ||
.localhost | Points back to own computer | Unknown | ||
.onion | Connection to the Tor network | Unknown | ||
.test | Meant for testing DNS software | Unknown |
Non-IANA domains [edit]
Besides the TLDs managed (or at least tracked) by IANA or ICANN, other independent groups have created, or had attempted to create, their own TLDs with varying technical specifications, functions, and outcomes.
Blockchain-registered [edit]
Blockchain-based domains are registered and exchanged using a public blockchain like Ethereum. Often times, these domains serve specific functions such as creating human-readable references to smart contract addresses used in DApps or personal wallet addresses.[ citation needed ] Generally, these non-standard domains are unreachable through the normal DNS resolution process and instead require clients to use some sort of transparent web proxy or gateway to access them
Name | Blockchain | Homepage | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
N/A | Handshake | https://handshake.org/ | Handshake is both an alternative DNS root zone and a domain name-centric blockchain meant for managing TLDs in a decentralized way which allows virtually any domain to be registered as a TLD by end users. The project intends to be a more resilient and distributed implementation of the global root zone without needing a centralized organization, like ICANN, to manage or operate it. Though it doesn't aim to outright replace the existing root zone, as it reserves all existing TLDs so that a query for wikipedia.org, for example, that is sent to a Handshake node can be redirected to the traditional root.[231] |
.eth | Ethereum | https://ens.domains/ | Domains under the .eth TLD are primarily used as human-readable aliases to Ethereum wallet addresses, rather than IP addresses,[232] though some efforts into expanding the use of .eth into the traditional DNS space have been made. |
.crypto, .zil | Ethereum, Zilliqa | https://unstoppabledomains.com/ | Both .crypto and .zil aim to make cryptocurrency wallet address resolution easier, with the exception that, unlike the other examples mentioned here, the two TLDs are the product of a for-profit company, Unstoppable Domains, that markets the domains as an alternative DNS root despite being entirely dependent on the traditional root zone.[233] |
.bit | Namecoin | https://namecoin.org/ | Namecoin's .bit TLD technically operates as a single-domain DNS root, though has historically peered with the OpenNIC root zone to provide greater accessibility. The popularity and usage of .bit domains is much lower than the other projects mentioned, despite it being the earliest example. This is primarily due to the negative reputation Namecoin has garnered after .bit domains became popular for sharing and distributing illegal or illicit content such as malware, which ultimately prompted OpenNIC to end its peering agreement and stop serving the TLD in its root zone in 2018.[234] |
Alternate roots [edit]
In the case of alternative DNS roots, organizations or projects make use of the same mechanisms of the DNS but instead take on the role of ICANN in managing and administering an entirely separate root zone, thus having the ability to create new TLDs independently. However, this doesn't make these domains any less isolated from the rest of the internet, though the ability for clients to resolve them theoretically only requires switching to a recursive DNS resolver that recognizes and serves records underneath the alternate root zone.
Name | Root | Homepage | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
N/A | Handshake | https://handshake.org/ | The list of registered TLDs on the Handshake blockchain is too large and dynamic to enumerate here. |
.bbs .chan .cyb .dyn .geek .gopher .indy .libre .neo .null .o .oss .oz .parody .pirate | OpenNIC | https://www.opennic.org/ | |
.fur | FurNIC | https://wiki.opennic.org/opennic:dot:fur | |
.lib .coin .emc .bazar | Emercoin | https://emercoin.com/2015-01-15-Emercoin_Reaches_Peering_Agreement_with_OpenNIC | |
.ku .te .ti .uu .ko .rm | New Nations | http://new-nations.net/en/ |
See also [edit]
- Country code top-level domain
- Generic top-level domain
- IDN Test TLDs
- ISO 3166-1 alpha-2, the standard for two-letter country codes, which most ccTLDs are based on
- Proposed top-level domain
- Second-level domain, information about .co.jp, .co.uk, .co.kr, .co.nf, etc.
- Public Suffix List
Explanatory notes [edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag Domain registry is operated by United TLD Holdco Ltd. t/a Rightside Registry, a subsidiary of the Rightside Group.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Operated by Charleston Road Registry, Inc., a subsidiary of Google. See [1].
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p A subsidiary of Minds + Machines Group (formerly Top Level Domain Holdings.)
- ^ Operating as Top Level Design
- ^ Operating as Afilias Domains No. 5 Limited.
- ^ Operating as Half Oaks, LLC
- ^ Operating as Knob Town, LLC
- ^ Operating as Steel Falls, LLC
- ^ Operating as Baxter Hill, LLC
- ^ Operating as Half Hallow, LLC
- ^ Operating as Grand Hollow, LLC
- ^ Operating as Over Galley, LLC
- ^ Operating as Atomic Madison, LLC
- ^ Operating as Spring Cross, LLC
- ^ Operating as Half Sunset, LLC
- ^ Operating as Atomic Maple, LLC
- ^ Operating as Delta Dynamite, LLC
- ^ Operating as Delta Mill, LLC
- ^ Operating as Foggy Hollow, LLC
- ^ Operating as Goose Cross, LLC
- ^ Operating as Wild Corner, LLC
- ^ Operating as Delta Lake, LLC
- ^ Operating as New Falls, LLC
- ^ Operating as Tin Mill, LLC
- ^ Operating as Sand Cover, LLC
- ^ Operating as Holly Fields, LLC
- ^ Operating as Snow Sky, LLC
- ^ Operating as Black Corner, LLC
- ^ Operating as Fox Shadow, LLC
- ^ Operating as Goose Park, LLC
- ^ Operating as Steel Lake, LLC
- ^ Operating as Puff Willow, LLC
- ^ Operating as Trixy Cover, LLC
- ^ Operating as Fox Orchard, LLC
- ^ Operating as Silver Avenue, LLC
- ^ Operating as Pine Mill, LLC
- ^ Operating as Pine House, LLC
- ^ Operating as Fox Dynamite, LLC
- ^ Operating as Magic Woods, LLC
- ^ Operating as Koko Lake, LLC
- ^ Operating as Snow Shadow, LLC
- ^ Operating as Binky Frostbite, LLC
- ^ Operating as Spring Way, LLC
- ^ Operating as Pine Fest, LLC
- ^ Operating as Sand Sunset, LLC
- ^ Operating as Steel Station, LLC
- ^ Operating as Tin Birch, LLC
- ^ Operating as John Edge, LLC
- ^ Operating as Dash Park, LLC
- ^ Operating as Half Trail, LLC
- ^ Operating as Extra Madison, LLC
- ^ Operating as Holly Hill, LLC
- ^ Operating as Sugar Cross, LLC
- ^ Operating as Brice Way, LLC
- ^ Operating as Spring Madison, LLC
- ^ Operating as Binky Birch, LLC
- ^ Operating as Romeo Canyon.
- ^ Operating as Snow Oaks, LLC
- ^ Operating as Corn Station, LLC
- ^ Operating as Trixy Park, LLC
- ^ Operating as Pioneer Maple, LLC
- ^ Operating as Spring Falls, LLC
- ^ Operating as Magic Pass, LLC
- ^ Operating as Victor Beach, LLC
- ^ Operating as Atomic Pipe, LLC
- ^ Operating as Just Maple, LLC
- ^ Operating as Cotton Cypress, LLC
- ^ Operating as Just Cover, LLC
- ^ Operating as Fox Woods, LLC
- ^ Operating as Brice Orchard, LLC
- ^ Operating as Fox Station, LLC
- ^ Operating as Half Cypress, LLC
- ^ Operating as John Dale, LLC
- ^ Operating as John Castle, LLC
- ^ Operating as Lone Fields, LLC
- ^ Operating as Sugar House, LLC
- ^ Operating as Goose Sky, LLC
- ^ Operating as Black Cover, LLC
- ^ Operating as Over Madison, LLC
- ^ Operating as Corn Sunset, LLC
- ^ Operating as Snow Moon, LLC
- ^ Operating as Pioneer Cypress, LLC
- ^ Operating as Silver Glen, LLC
- ^ Operating as John Madison, LLC
- ^ Operating as Goose Woods, LLC
- ^ Operating as Sugar Park, LLC
- ^ Operating as Outer House, LLC
- ^ Operating as Outer Maple, LLC
- ^ Operating as Pioneer Willow, LLC
- ^ Operating as Wild Way, LLC
- ^ Operating as Holly Glen, LLC
- ^ Operating as Just Goodbye, LLC
- ^ Operating as Pine Moon, LLC
- ^ Operating as Victor Trail, LLC
- ^ Operating as Trixy Oaks, LLC
- ^ Operating as John McCook, LLC
- ^ Operating as Big Fest, LLC
- ^ Operating as Hidden Frostbite, LLC
- ^ Operating as June Woods, LLC
- ^ Operating as John Goodbye, LLC
- ^ Operating as Fern Pass, LLC
- ^ Operating as Grand Glen, LLC
- ^ Operating as Trixy Manor, LLC
- ^ Operating as Magic Glen, LLC
- ^ Operating as Sea Goodbye, LLC
- ^ Operating as Sugar Glen, LLC
- ^ Operating as Sea Corner, LLC
- ^ Operating as Foggy Sky, LLC
- ^ Operating as Foggy Moon, LLC
- ^ Operating as Snow Galley, LLC
- ^ Operating as Spring Tigers, LLC
- ^ Operating as Magic Birch, LLC
- ^ Operating as Big Pass, LLC
- ^ Operating as Grand Island, LLC
- ^ Operating as Big Hollow, LLC
- ^ Operating as Lone Sunset, LLC
- ^ Operating as Binky Glen, LLC
- ^ Operating as Snow Avenue, LLC
- ^ Operating as Little Galley, LLC
- ^ Operating as Fox Castle, LLC
- ^ Operating as Binky Galley, LLC
- ^ Operating as Fern Madison, LLC
- ^ Operating as Ruby Town, LLC
- ^ Operating as Silver Cover, LLC
- ^ Operating as Atomic Fields, LLC
- ^ Operating as Half Falls, LLC
- ^ Operating as Grand Orchard, LLC
- ^ Operating as Tin Avenue, LLC
- ^ Operating as Dash Cypress, LLC
- ^ Operating as Victor Frostbite, LLC
- ^ Operating as Delta Orchard, LLC
- ^ Operating as New Cypress, LLC
- ^ Operating as Outer Moon, LLC
- ^ Operating as Auburn Bloom, LLC
- ^ Operating as Pioneer Tigers, LLC
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- ^ "About .kyoto". The Kyoto College of Graduate Studies for Informatics. Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
- ^ "「.nagoya」名古屋のための新ドメイン". GMOドメインレジストリ株式会社. Archived from the original on 21 October 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ IANA - .ryukyu Domain Delegation Data, IANA. Accessed on line 1 December 2014.
- ^ ".taipei Net Top City". Archived from the original on 5 November 2014. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
- ^ "Mission". Tatar Internet. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
- ^ "「.tokyo」東京のための新ドメイン". GMOドメインレジストリ株式会社. Archived from the original on 4 September 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ "「.yokohama」横浜のための新ドメイン". GMOドメインレジストリ株式会社 . Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ IANA — .alsace Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 19 November 2014.
- ^ ".BZH - L'extension internet de la Bretagne". .BZH - L'extension internet de la Bretagne.
- ^ a b ".eus Domeinua - .eus - Euskara eta Euskal Kultura Interneten". Nic.eus. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ ".PARIS, La nouvelle adresse web de Paris". Archived from the original on 16 March 2015. Retrieved 13 March 2015.
- ^ (in Catalan) Fundació punt CAT | A Internet, el català és .cat. Registra ara un domini i identifica't amb el teu .cat. Fundacio.cat. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
- ^ "Dominio .gal". Dominio.gal. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ IANA - .madrid Domain Delegation Data, IANA. Accessed on line 24 November 2014.
- ^ "Startseite - .bayern - Das Web wird weiß-blau". nic.bayern.
- ^ (in German) berlin Top-Level-Domain Archived 18 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Nic.berlin. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
- ^ "The New TLDS .koeln & .cologne". Dot.cologne. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 September 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ "The New TLDS .koeln & .cologne". Dot.koeln. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 October 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ IANA - .nrw Domain Delegation Data, IANA. Accessed on line 26 November 2014.
- ^ ".ruhr". Dot.ruhr. 5 September 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ "dotSaarland GmbH". Retrieved 28 October 2014.
- ^ amsterdam Top-Level-Domain.
- ^ ".brussels is now in the root! - DNS Belgium". Nic.brussels. Archived from the original on 18 December 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ IANA — .budapest Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 20 November 2014.
- ^ a b ".cymru .wales Our Home Online". Retrieved 4 November 2014.
- ^ (in Dutch) frl Top-Level-Domain. Nic.frl. Retrieved 5 September 2014.
- ^ "Official website of .GENT". Retrieved 4 November 2014.
- ^ "The New London Code". Nic.london. Archived from the original on 18 December 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ "About TLDs .MOSCOW and .МОСКВА - dotMoscow: .MOSCOW and .МОСКВА TLDs for Russian Capital". Nic.moscow. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ "Register .scot domains - Calico .scot domains - dotscot is the new Scottish top level domain". Calico.scot. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ "Zonemaster växer.stockholm". Zonemaster. The Swedish Internet Foundation.
- ^ "Zuteilung und Verwaltung der Domain-Namen der zweiten Ebene, die der Internet-Domain ".swiss" untergeordnet sind" (in German). BAKOM. Retrieved 6 March 2019.
- ^ "Tirol Domain" (in German). Retrieved 25 November 2014.
- ^ ".vlaanderen is now in the root! - DNS Belgium". Nic.vlaanderen. Archived from the original on 21 October 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ ".wien: punktwien". Nic.wien. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ ".zuerich Registry Operator Website". Retrieved 17 June 2015.
- ^ IANA - .miami Domain Delegation Data, IANA. Accessed on line 25 November 2014.
- ^ ".NYC Domain Name Extension - Official Website". .NYC - The Official Website for the Ultimate New York City Address . Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ ".QUEBEC". Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ "Dot Vegas, Inc". Archived from the original on 3 September 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ "About". Hello.kiwi. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ Twenty4. "nic.melbourne - Home page". nic.melbourne . Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ IANA - .sydney Domain Delegation Data, IANA. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
- ^ ".LAT Domain - About us". Archived from the original on 3 September 2015. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
- ^ ".LAT Domain - FAQs". Archived from the original on 3 September 2015. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
- ^ "IANA - .rio Domain Delegation Data". Archived from the original on 9 December 2014. Retrieved 1 December 2014.
- ^ IANA - .佛山 Domain Delegation Data, IANA. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
- ^ "О фонде | Foundation for Assistance for Internet Technologies and Infrastructure Development".
- ^ ".abc Domain Registration - .abc Domains - American Broadcasting Companies, Inc. Domain Name .abc - Register American Broadcasting Companies, Inc. Domain Name .abc". 101domain.com . Retrieved 22 July 2018.
- ^ IANA — .allfinanz Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 19 November 2014.
- ^ IANA — .android Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 19 November 2014.
- ^ IANA — .aquarelle Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
- ^ "dotAXA: AXA Group New Online Space" (PDF). Domains.axa. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ a b "Barclays begins using .Barclays and .Barclaycard top level domains". Retrieved 8 August 2015.
- ^ "FIBA launches .basketball as new digital identity of the global basketball community" (Press release). FIBA. 15 June 2017. Archived from the original on 2 July 2018. Retrieved 2 July 2018.
- ^ IANA — .bloomberg Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 19 November 2014.
- ^ "Home dotBMW registry operator". nic.bmw. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ IANA — .bnl Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 26 June 2015.
- ^ "nic.bnpparibas". Retrieved 4 November 2014.
- ^ "IANA — .bradesco Domain Delegation Data". iana.org . Retrieved 3 November 2016.
- ^ IANA — .cal Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 19 November 2014.
- ^ IANA — .caravan Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 19 November 2014.
- ^ IANA — .cern Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 20 November 2014.
- ^ IANA — .chrome Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 20 November 2014.
- ^ "中国中信集团有限公司". Nic.citic. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ IANA — .crs Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 20 November 2014.
- ^ IANA — .cuisinella Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 20 November 2014.
- ^ IANA — .dnp Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 20 November 2014.
- ^ IANA — .dvag Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 20 November 2014.
- ^ IANA — .edka Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 10 October 2016.
- ^ IANA — .emerck Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 20 November 2014.
- ^ IANA — .everbank Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
- ^ IANA — .firmdale Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 24 November 2014.
- ^ IANA — .flsmidth Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 21 November 2014.
- ^ "Using the .frogans gTLD". Nic.frogans. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ IANA — .gbiz Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 21 November 2014.
- ^ IANA — .gle Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 21 November 2014.
- ^ ".globo". Nic.globo. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ IANA — .gmail Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 21 November 2014.
- ^ IANA — .gmo Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 21 November 2014.
- ^ IANA — .gmx Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 21 November 2014.
- ^ IANA — Delegation Record for .GOOG. Accessed on line 3 October 2018.
- ^ IANA — .google Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 21 November 2014.
- ^ ".hsbc". Retrieved 15 August 2015.
- ^ IANA — .ibm Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 24 November 2014.
- ^ IANA — .kred Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 24 November 2014.
- ^ IANA — .lacaixa Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 25 November 2014.
- ^ IANA — .latrobe Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
- ^ a b This domain has been delegated to IRI Domain Management, LLC, a subsidiary of Intellectual Reserve, Inc., which is owned and operated by the LDS Church.
- ^ IANA — .lds Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 21 November 2014.
- ^ "IANA — .leclerc Domain Delegation Data". iana.org . Retrieved 18 June 2019.
- ^ "MANGO". Nic.mango. Archived from the original on 14 February 2015. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ "Home dotMINI registry operator". Nic.mini. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ ".monash - Network Information Centre". Nic.monash. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ "New gTLD Program : InitialEvaluation Report : Report Date: 10 May 2013" (PDF). Newgtlds.icann.org. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ IANA — .mormon Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 21 November 2014.
- ^ "Neustar Launches New TLD .Neustar". Nic.neustar. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ IANA — .nexus Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 26 November 2014.
- ^ IANA — .nhk Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 26 November 2014.
- ^ ".nico - The Brand TLD for Dwango Co., Ltd". Dwango Co., Ltd. Retrieved 2 November 2015.
- ^ IANA — .nra Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 26 November 2014.
- ^ IANA — .otsuka Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 26 November 2014.
- ^ "The New OVH Code" (PDF). Nic.ovh. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ "NIC PIAGET". Archived from the original on 18 January 2018. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
- ^ IANA — .pohl Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 1 December 2014.
- ^ IANA — .praxi Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 1 December 2014.
- ^ IANA — .prod Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 1 December 2014.
- ^ NIC PwC. Accessed on line 1 December 2014.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 29 October 2018. Retrieved 26 January 2016. CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^ ".sap - ICANNWiki". icannwiki.org . Retrieved 23 May 2017.
- ^ ".sca". Retrieved 4 November 2014.
- ^ IANA — .schmidt Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
- ^ IANA — .seek Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 20 July 2016.
- ^ IANA — .sohu Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
- ^ IANA — .spiegel Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
- ^ IANA — .suzuki Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
- ^ IANA — .tui Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 19 November 2014.
- ^ IANA — .uol Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
- ^ IANA — .williamhill Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
- ^ IANA — .wme Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
- ^ IANA — .wtc Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
- ^ "This is .yandex". Nic.yandex. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ IANA — .youtube Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
- ^ "Nic.中信". nic.中信. Archived from the original on 6 March 2015. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ IANA — .vermögensberater Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 1 December 2014.
- ^ IANA — .vermögensberatung Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 1 December 2014.
- ^ IANA — .グーグル Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 24 November 2014.
- ^ IANA — .谷歌 Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 24 November 2014.
- ^ "WHOIS 서비스란?". Whois.nic . Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ "Special-Use Domain Names". Iana.org. Retrieved 8 January 2018.
- ^ Multicast DNS. Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). doi:10.17487/RFC6762. RFC 6762.
- ^ "A crypto project to make internet names censorship-proof is now live". MIT Technology Review . Retrieved 2 August 2021.
- ^ "The Gold Rush Is on for Ethereum Domain Names". www.vice.com . Retrieved 2 August 2021.
- ^ Francisco, Kieren McCarthy in San. "Sucks to be you, ICANN. We can go our own way: Opera to support sites using renegade top-level domain .crypto". www.theregister.com . Retrieved 2 August 2021.
- ^ Cimpanu, Catalin. "OpenNIC drops support for .bit domain names after rampant malware abuse". ZDNet . Retrieved 2 August 2021.
External links [edit]
- IANA's list of TLDs in machine-readable format
- The Internet Domain Survey
- The Public Suffix List / PSL – Maintained by Mozilla
- Registry Agreements at ICANN
- Registry Agreement Termination Info Page at ICANN
Casa Di Rut Management Solutions Ab
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Internet_top-level_domains